Coal in Alloa

Alloa was, as we know, one of the great centres of Scottish brewing. Did they have coal there? This quote answers the question:

"Alloa is a sea-port, and much known for its many whisky-distilleries, ale-breweries, collieries, and glasshouses."
"Caledonian sketches" by Sir John Carr, 1809, page 246.

That's pretty clear. And note the early date: 1809.

Would they have used peat in malting with collieries on their doorstep? Of course they bloody wouldn't.

Just wait until I get started on malting in Scotland.

Brewing in Scotland in the 1840's

Just a short quote today. It's taken from a book published in the 1840's. One of those things called a dictionary but which are really more like an encyclopedia.

The Ale and Beer entry has some nice statistics which sucked me in. The mention of Scottish beer came as a bonus:

"The brewing of ale has long constituted a principal, or rather, perhaps, we might say the principal, manufacturing employment carried on in Edinburgh, The best Edinburgh ale is of a pale colour, mild, glutinous, and adhesive. It is much stronger and more intoxicating than porter, from 4 to 5 bushels of malt being generally used in brewing a barrel of ale, with about 1 lb. of hops to a bushel of malt. At present (1843) the produce of the ale breweries of Edinburgh may be estimated at about 195,000 barrels a year. Very good ale is also made at Preston Pans, Alloa, and other Scotch towns. Considerable quantities of Edinburgh ale are sent to London; though this trade has latterly been decreasing. Very good ale may be produced by brewers on a small scale, but it is doubtful whether this be the case with porter; at all events the best porter is all produced in very large establishments.

Formerly it was not supposed that really good porter could be made any where except in London. Of late years, however, Dublin porter has attained to high and hot unmerited reputation; though we certainly are not of the number of those who ronsider it equal to the best London porter.

Large quantities of a light, pale, and highly-hopped variety of ale have been for some considerable time past exported to the East Indies, where it is in high estimation; and is now, also, rather extensively used in summer in this country."
"A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation" by John Ramsay McCulloch, 1844, page 9.

I'm particularly pleased to see a har figure put on the output of Edinburgh breweries. 195,000 barrels isn't a great deal, really. Not considering the fame of Edinburgh beer. Though it is a considerable percentage of the beer brewed in Scotland, which was around 500,000 barrrels a year in the 1840's.

Small beer indeed, compared to the big boys in London. The two largest each produced about the same as the whole of Scotland. Brewing was still on a relatively modest scale in Scotland in the first half of the 19th century. It was only in the latter decades that the big Edinburgh and Alloa brewers were able to rival the large London producers.

Here are the alrgest London brewers of the same period:

Barrels of beer brewed used by the largest London brewers
Brewer	1831	1838	1839	1840	1841	1842	1851
Barclay & Co.	388,792	429,820	449,104	462,244	425,380	456,360	462,168
Truman & Co.	202,896	360,560	364,276	392,840	352,528	369,876	420,088
Whitbread & Co.	198,852	181,840	207,916	214,488	207,368	208,392	207,200
Reid & Co.	173,520	179,712	176,040	192,520	191,920	200,480	226,560
Combe & Co.	138,736	173,776	162,848	153,472	145,840	185,936	173,128
Calvert & Co.	122,100	126,116	124,112	123,488	122,460	122,640	114,552
Meux & Co.	97,356	140,260	153,860	163,148	158,332	161,360	238,468
Hoare & Co.	96,408	125,112	124,032	121,240	117,800	118,428	140,000
Elliott & Co.	77,776	88,000	91,960	101,020	101,100	108,200	118,232
Taylor & Co.	87,380	109,280	103,820	109,200	149,200	78,120	63,480
Goding & Co.	65,228				58,524		52,256
Charrington & Co.	42,120	81,160	74,752	73,312	73,312	81,692	84,064
Courage & Co.	32,464	42,892	41,824	46,128	46,128	52,064	57,876
Thorne & Co.	5,780				83,384		88,088
Mann & Co.	5,208				46,616		96,120
Total	1,734,616	2,038,528	2,074,544	2,153,100	2,279,892	2,143,548	2,542,280
Sources:
1831, 1841 and 1851:The food of London by George Dodd, 1856, page 463.
1838, 1839, 1840 and 1842: "A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation" by John Ramsay McCulloch, 1844, page 12.
Note:
Noumber of barrels brewed estimated from malt usage - I've assumed 4 barrels from a quarter of malt.

The description of Edinburgh Ale isn't bad: "pale colour, mild, glutinous, and adhesive." Pretty gloopy stuff then. Not surprising when you see the final gravity of these beers.

Prestonpans is another of those obscure brewing towns. Its fame seems to have relies pretty much on a single brewer: Fowler. In a way, the memory of Prestonpans does remain. Fowler was, of course, the brewer of as certain beer called "Fowler's Wee Heavy". The beer that gave us that rather irritating beer style. Prestonpans beer, from the analyses I've seen, was even more syrupy than Edinburgh Ale.

I though I may as well continue the quote past the Scottish stuff because of the bit about IPA. And how it was drunk in Britian during the summer. Not particularly surprising, but I've not seen it mentioned before.

Peat in Scottish brewing

You know the story. Brewers in the exotic Highlands of Scotland using peat to kiln their malt. I've never believed a word of it. People mixing up whisky and beer. Fun in a glass, annoying on the page.

It wasn't just for your amusement and delight that I compiled that map of Scottish breweries in 1837. I wanted to get a feel for where Scottish breweries were locates and concentrated. It worked even better than I had anticipated. The picture is unmistakable.

Guess where this is going? I quickly searched the web for two companion maps. One showing the distribution of peat in Scotland, the other showing the coalfields. Looking at the three maps together is very revealing

Do you see what I mean? The vast majority of breweries are in areas where there's little or no peat. But slap on top of Scotland's coal fields.

Why the hell would they drag bulky, soggy, stinky peat into central Scotland when there was all that coal?

Alloa breweries

Remember my post about Alloa breweries? Well Barm at I might just have a glass of beer has been around the city photographing what's left. Bugger all, sadly.

But he did get some nice snaps of the the Meadow Brewery, former home of George Younger. They show just how much of the brewery structure remains.

Let's Brew Wednesday - 1868 Younger No. 3

This is a very special day. Not just because this is actually appearing on a Wednesday. It's more to do with the beer: Younger's No. 3. A beer I've a special relationship with.

I did once homebrew, when I was young. I started before I was even of legal drinking age. Being broke, there was a big incentive to homebrew. Which, as I recall, was our real motivation. By we, I mean me and my brother Dave.

One of our earliest brews was a clone of Younger's No. 3 that had been published in What's Brewing. At the time, it wasn't available commercially. It was during one of several periods when the beer had been discontinued by Scottish and Newcastle. The clone recipe used black malt for colour. It helped hide the malt extract base twang. Overall, one of our better brews.

I've since had the commercial version many times. It was always my favourite of Scottish and Newcastle's cask beers. I didn't initially realise the history of No. 3 and its role in Scottish brewing. I feel privileged to have had it in the wild.

Some of you have probably tried No. 3, too. If you have, this recipe might come as a shock. Because if there's one thing that was distinctive about No. 3 it was the colour. A lovely dark brown. Whereas this one is . . . . pale.

Scotch Ale. Yes, this is a genuine Scotch Ale. Though it was usually just called Strong Ale in Scotland. Sometime in the 1850's, William Younger overhauled their beer range. introducing loads of new products. Most notable was a range of numbered Ales, from 1 to 4. They seem to have been inspired by the numbered Burton ales of Bass and others. No. 1 was a powerful brew, with a gravity of 1099º.  Working down the range, No. 2 was 1088º, No. 3 was 1077º and No. 4 was 1068º. No .1 was marketed in England as Scotch Ale, but could easily have been called a Barley Wine.

From the outset, the more moderate-strength No. 3 was the most popular of the four. Continuing through war, crisis and recession, right up to the present day. While the name might have stayed the same, the beer underneath didn't. Like most other Ales (I'm not including Pale Ale in this) it underwent a mysterious change in colour sometime towards the end of the 19th century. And moved from pale to dark.

If I've so many Younger's records, why am I so vague about the date? Because, they continued to brew their beers pale, colouring them later as required. How can I be so sure then that these beers were indeed dark in colour? Because of those oh-so-handy Gravity Books, which often give the colour. It was a reasonably common beer in London in the first half of the 20th century, where it took Burton's place in a pub's draught lineup.

Like all British beers, the gravity was nibbled away in the 20th century. It fell to about 1053º between the wars. By 1966, it was 1045º and in 1982 1042º.

This beer tells us so much about British brewing. About the links between Burton and Edinburgh beers. And how hard it is to pin a specific style label on many beers of the past. What is No. 3? A Scotch Ale? A Burton Ale? A Strong Ale? The answer is, it's all three. (Maybe that's why it's called number three.)





And on that confusing note, it's over to Kristen . . . . . . . .

Kristen’s Version:

Another very short explanation. What the Youngers logs have in extraordinary details for their brewing, all of the beers are very very simple. So, on to this awesome double IPA thing. A wee heavy little beastie indeed!

Ingredients
Grist – I haven’t used Golden Promise in quite a long time so I decided it was about time. You can absolutely use Maris Otter or really any other wonderful Englishy malt you’d like. I have come to really like two very different types of pale malts. My very favorite is the MFB pale malt. I’ve found that if you had to have one single malt to do really absolutely anything in the realm of beer, this would be more than adequate. Bitter, IPA, Pils, etc. On the other end of the spectrum, my other favorite malt for different reasons (mostly cost and its ability to play second fiddle extremely well) is Great Western pale malt. You’ll find a massive amount of American breweries use it for everything. I think it is very nice and does a great job, just not as good at everything that the MFB pale malt.

Hops – This beer, as can be seen, is about 3:1 or 4:1 Czech: English hops. The English ones can really be anything but I’d stay with a low alpha variety for the amount of greenery you need to add in. As for the Czech, I used 100% Saaz. Czech Saaz at that. Pivní Filosof, Evan Rail, Alistair Reece and I had a great conversation just a week or so ago about the ability to make a big hoppy beer using 100% Czech Saaz. This is pretty much that beer. The thought is/was that one can’t do it. You just can’t get that bitterness. This, is entirely untrue. What you will find is that the bitterness is very different. Its much less harsh. Additionally, I find the aroma is much much higher on this beer (all low AA% hop IPAs even) simply due to the fact of the vast amount of hop that goes in. More essential oils and such. If you need another reason to make this beer, do so for that fact. A big, crisp, dry IPA thingy with a butte tonne of low alpha hops.

Yeast – I really like the dry Nottingham for this beer. It dries out extremely well. Finishes quick. Its cheap! That being said, use what you like. A yeast cake would be good for those of you that don’t do starters well. Its very important you get enough yeast into this bugger to dry it out.

Scottish breweries in 1837 - the map

For those of you not over-conversant with the geography of Scotland (that includes me), here'a a handy map of all the breweries I listed yesterday.

It makes it all the easier to spot where the concentrations were. A note of the coding of the markkers:

green 1 brewery
yellow 2 - 4 breweries
red 5 - 9 breweries
blue - 10 or more breweries


View Scottish breweries in 1837 in a larger map

Scottish breweries in 1837

I've been doing a little research into Scottish brewing. Seemed I should, this being Scotland week and all. I've unearthed some handy stuff. What I'm sharing today being a good example.

Let's kick off with a disclaimer. This is not a complete list of Scottish breweries. You can see that number in this table:

Brewers & beer retailers in 1838
	England	Scotland	Ireland
	No.	No.	No.
Brewers of strong beer not exceeding 20 barrels	8,996	62	29
Brewers of strong beer exceeding 20 but not exceeding 50 barrels	8,520	24	1
Brewers of strong beer exceeding 50 but not exceeding 100 barrels	10,445	28	11
Brewers of strong beer exceeding 100 but not exceeding 1000 barrels	18,306	211	55
Brewers of strong beer exceeding 1000 barrels	1,597	114	145
Brewers of table beer	14	90
Retail brewers under 5 Geo. IV. C. 54	18	20
Total brewers	47,896	549	241
Source:
"A Cyclopaedia of Commerce, Mercantile Law, Finance, Commercial Geography and Navigation", by William Waterston, 1863, page 79

In total there were more than 500 breweries in Scotland (if you include the 90 Table Beer breweries). The list below contains 275. My guess is that it includes most of those brewing more than 1,000 barrels and the majority of those brewing between 100 and 1,000 barrels.

You can easily spot the important brewing centres: Alloa, Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Dundee, Forfar and Glasgow. Mostly pretty obvious, as they are Scotland's larger cities. Except for Alloa and Forfar, obviously.

The breweries are mostly concentrated around the centre of the Lowlands and the East Coast. It'll be more clear when I publish the map tomorrow. As will be the gaping hole. I'm sure you can guess where that is.

Scottish breweries in 1837
brewery	address	town
Knox Robert & Son	Cambus	Alloa
Maclay James	Mills' brewery	Alloa
McNellan John	Shore	Alloa
Meiklejohn Robert & Son	Candle st	Alloa
Mitchell William	High st	Alloa
Paterson Thomas Lucas	Forth Bank Brewery	Alloa
Roy Andrew	Alloa brewery	Alloa
Syme John H.	Hatton park	Alloa
Towers and Co.	Grange	Alloa
Younger George	New Market st	Alloa
Aitchison John & Co	South back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Aitken Robert William	Meadow Bank	Edinburgh
Alexander and Co.	North back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Anderson Stephen	Barrowloch	Edinburgh
Barker Thomas	8 Yard heads, L.	Leith
Bell, Kier & Co.	46 Pleasance	Edinburgh
Berwick Alex & Co.	Gentle's close	Edinburgh
Black & McNair	11 St. Anthony st, Leith	Leith
Blair John	23 North back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Brown George Bell	71 North back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Campbell Archibald & Co.	45 Cowgate	Edinburgh
Cowpar Thomas & Son	Drumdryan	Edinburgh
Cunningham James D.	195 Cowgate	Edinburgh
Dick Peter	Robertson's close Cowgate	Edinburgh
Donald Ryrie	Horse wynd	Edinburgh
Drybrough Andrew	North back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Edinburgh & Leith Brewing Co.	Playhouse close	Edinburgh
Fulton John	80 Pleasance	Edinburgh
Henderson & King	69 Constitution st, L.	Leith
Kerr James	9 Sciennes st	Edinburgh
Kidd John	6 St. Anthony st. Leith	Leith
Kinghorn Alexander	Coburg st. L.	Leith
Lamond Peter & Sons	23 Grass market	Edinburgh
Mackenzie Robert Hall	24 Sheriff brae	Edinburgh
Maitland, Davidson & Co.	Meadow bank	Edinburgh
Miller John	6 Hay st	Edinburgh
Mitchell Jamen Peter	Main point Brewery, 3 Lauriston st	Edinburgh
Muir John	28 North back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Napier George & Co.	28 Abbey hill	Edinburgh
Rennie Thomas	15 Yard heads	Edinburgh
Ryrle Donald & Co	Croft an righ	Edinburgh
Scottish Brewery Co.	Gt. Junction st—,	Edinburgh
Usher & Cunningham	101 Cowgate	Edinburgh
Usher James	71 Potter row	Edinburgh
Young Richd	South back of Canongate	Edinburgh
Younger Wm. & Co.	Horse wynd, Canongate	Edinburgh
Archibald Thomas	New Mills road	Dalkeith
Robinson William	Back st.	Dalkeith
Lorimer A. P.	132 High st	Musselburgh
Whitelaw William	High st	Fisherrow
Black Wm & Co.	Devanha Brewery	Aberdeen
Cadenhead, Barron & Co	New Bridge	Aberdeen
Cowie Alexander	Virginia st	Aberdeen
Duguid Mary	Hardgate	Aberdeen
Duthie Wm	Holborn st	Aberdeen
Gillcomston Brewery Co.	Gilcomston	Aberdeen
Gordon George & Co	Ferry Hill	Aberdeen
Hatt John Ligonier	47 Virginia st and Peacock's Close	Aberdeen
Lawrence James	Skene square	Aberdeen
Livingston Peter	Shuttle lane	Aberdeen
McCulloch hugh (retail)	Maltmill	Aberdeen
Masson John	82 Loch st	Aberdeen
Sim Alexander & James	22 Loch st	Aberdeen
Still Patrick	South Bridge	Aberdeen
Thom Robert	King st	Aberdeen
Wallace Andres	Auchmull	Aberdeen
Anderson Philip & Co		Inverury
Hutchison Robert	Charlotte st	Peterhead
Mudle George	Invernettle	Peterhead
Crawford Catherine	29 High st	Ayr
Cuthbart Jane, Main st	Newton	Ayr
Davidson Anne	72 High st	Ayr
Guthrie Charles	40 High st	Ayr
Watson and Brown	Mill st	Ayr
Paxton George	Richard land	Kilmarnock
Thomson George	Grange st	Kilmarnock
Elliot Edward	Silver st	Berwick
Pratt & Crossman	Silver st	Berwick
Sibbitt, Dickinson & Co.	Tweemouth	Berwick
Davidson John		Coldstream
Joppling Thomas		Coldstream
Russell William		Coldstream
Ramsay John	Blackbull st	Dunse
White George	Clock Mill	Dunse
Whitelaw Robert Hay	Market place	Dunse
Gass and Hope, Annan Brewery	Port st	Annan
Corson George	Irish st	Dumfries
McBarney Thomas	Galloway st, Maxwelltown	Dumfries
Morrison James	Irish st	Dumfries
Murray Robert, Old Brewery	Buccleugh st	Dumfries
Shortridge James	61 Galloway st, Maxwelltown	Dumfries
Whaley Richard	White sands	Dumfries
Young Alexander & James	The College	Elgin
Urquhart & McDonald	Forres mills	Forres
Taylor & Co.	High st	Anstruther
Mitchell John	Bonargate	Cupar
Philip John	Bobber wynd	Cupar
Thomson and Son	Lady wynd	Cupar
Auld Robert	High st	Dunfermline
Douglas John	St. Margaret st	Dunfermline
Stenhouse James	Queen Ann st	Dunfermline
Skinner Robert & James	New town	Falkland
Keay John		Ferry-Port-on-Craig
Patrick James		Leuchars
Robertson Andrew	Kinghorn	Kinghorn
Stocks John	West bridge	Kinghorn
Fergas Henry	Links	Kirkcaldy
Keddle John	Links	Kirkcaldy
Berwick David	South st	St. Andrews
Ireland Rea	Argyle	St. Andrews
Baillie John	Market gate	Arbroath
Harry George	Maule st	Arbroath
Lindsay John	St. Vigean's	Arbroath
Lyall David	Newgate	Arbroath
Mill William	Spink st	Arbroath
Sheriff George	South Grimsby	Arbroath
Brown Jane	East Haven	Barrie
Crighton Alexander	West Haven	Barrie
Warden Robert	Carnoustie	Barrie
Baxter James	North port brewery	Brechin
Smith John	Cadger wynd	Brechin
Butchart Andrew	12 Seagate	Dundee
Butchart Thomas	McCosh's entry	Dundee
Gilruth James	Bonnet hill	Dundee
Kinmond John	Seagate	Dundee
Miller David & Charles	Perth road	Dundee
Rattray Thomas	Bell st	Dundee
Sinclair Alexander	Fenton's close	Dundee
Ure Peter	Hawk hill brewery	Dundee
Crichton Jeam	King st	Dundee
Easson Robert	Bucklemakers wynd	Dundee
Elder Andre	1 George's place	Dundee
Elder Samuel	Castle lane	Dundee
Ferguson James	Seagate	Dundee
Low David	St Clement's lane	Dundee
Martin Alexander	130 Seagate	Dundee
Matthew Janet	Overgate	Dundee
Miller James	Park wynd	Dundee
Ramsay David	Scouringburn	Dundee
Robertson Alexander	Cowgate	Dundee
Ross Donald	Constable st	Dundee
Waddel James	Liff	Dundee
Wedderspoon Blair	Seagate	Dundee
Whatton Helen	72 Seagate	Dundee
Barry James	Back wynd	Forfar
Keay James	High st	Forfar
Milne James	Back wynd	Forfar
Mitchell David	High st	Forfar
Morris James	Castle st	Forfar
Potter William	High st	Forfar
Reid John & Peter	Spout st	Forfar
Stark David	High st	Forfar
Montrose Brewery Company	Academy place	Montrose
Potter James	Hill st	Montrose
Ross William and Co.	Loch side	Montrose
Stewart John	Bridge st	Montrose
Muckart John	Ferry st	Montrose
Brown John	Lamar st	Dunbar
Dudgeon Ellis	Belhaven brewery	Dunbar
Martine John, Jun.	Sidegate	Haddington
Shiells William	West port	Haddington
Walker John	Nungate	Haddington
Fowler John		Prestonpans
Hislop Robert		Prestonpans
Caledonian Brewery Company	Haugh	Inverness
Fraser Alexander & Co.	Fraser st	Inverness
Fraser Donald	8 Glebe st	Inverness
Loban William	Thornbush	Inverness
Mculloch John	Kinross	Kinross
Morison Thomas	Milnathort	Kinross
Baird Hugh & Co.	Gt.Canal Brewery	Glasgow
Ballantine William	57 Crown st	Glasgow
Connell E.	Struthers st	Glasgow
Dickson James	35 Tureen st	Glasgow
Duncan John	Port Dundas road	Glasgow
Ferguson & Stevenson	72 Centre st	Glasgow
Forrest George	Clyde st,Anderston	Glasgow
Gibson Matthew, Anderston brewery	Warwick street	Glasgow
Hedderwick A.	22 Buchan st	Glasgow
Hedderwick John Watt, Adelphi brewery	Govan street	Glasgow
Hunter J. & R.	23 Montrose st	Glasgow
Johnston James	23 & 25 Stirling st	Glasgow
McNiven & Johnston	49 Cowcaddens street	Glasgow
Ramsay A. & J.	32 South Cobourg st	Glasgow
Scott Wm.	1 Duncan st, Canning st	Glasgow
Stewart John	Commercial road	Glasgow
Struthers Robert and Sons	Greenhead brewery	Glasgow
Tennent John and Robert	Westpark, Duke street	Glasgow
Towers J.C. & Co. (of Alloa)	1.5 Melville place	Glasgow
Wilson John	3 Melville place	Glasgow
Hutchison Robert	Wellgate	Lanark
Murray & Kilgour	North vennel	Lanark
Armour Robert		Strathaven
Masterton John		Strathaven
Vallance Robert		Strathaven
Adamson James	Tweed Green	Peebles
Robertson Adam	Cuddy Bridge	Peebles
Scott John	St. Michael's wynd	Peebles
Mailler Joseph	Auchterarder	Auchterarder
Sharp Robert jun.	Blackford	Auchterarder
Thomson & Garbols	Ruthven bank	Auchterarder
McDougal John	Mitchell st	Crieff
Portreous David	Coldwell	Crieff
Menzies Jno.	St.Catherine's brewery	Perth
Morison James	Canal st	Perth
Scott Matthew	Canal st	Perth
Simpson James	Canal st	Perth
Taylor Thomas	Bridge end	Perth
Wright John & Co.	18 Methven st	Perth
Buchanan David & Co.	Holmscroft Brewery	Greenock
Greenock Brewery Co.	Nicholson st	Greenock
Watt James & Co.	Cartadyke	Greenock
M'Dougal John	East Line, Ferguslie	Paisley
Middleton James, Laxwell brewery	Millerston	Paisley
Sacell Brewery Compy.	Saucel	Paisley
Finlayson Thomas	Lower st	Tain
McKenzie & Gallie	Morangle	Tain
Tulloch Amdrew	Murray st	Tain
Reid John & Co.	Canongate	Jedburgh
Wight Thomas	High st	Jedburgh
Nichol & Robertson	Ednam	Kelso
Aitken James & Co.	New Market st	Falkirk
Smith Robert	High st	Falkirk
Connal Ebenezer	Port st	Stirling
Anderon Samuel		Kinglassie
Wilson Robert		Lochgellie
Jackson Alexander		John's-Haven
Howieson William	West port	Linlithgow
Philip Agnes		Ceres
Anderson William	Airdrie Brewery	Airdrie
George James	Mills of Keith	Keith
Finlayson Henry		Dollar
Hewetson James	Queen st	Castle Douglas
McDonald Alexander		Aberfeldie
Lobban George	Grant St	Cullen
Hewetson George	Devol's glen	Port Glasgow
Scott Thomas		Pitlessie
Watson Alexander	Church st	Portsoy
Kinnear Alexander	Cowle Brewery	Bridge of Cowle
Fraser Donald	Church st	Dingwall
Campbell Donald	McCulloch's close	Dingwall
Bertram Alexander	North Berwick Brewery	North Berwick
Pearson John	Chapel lane	Bathgate
McLaurin Ludovic		Newton-Stewart
Cunningham William		Athelstaneford
Haldane John	Buckholm side	Galashiels
Manson Alex		Old Meldrum
Edington James		Wemyss
Scott James	Pierhead	Kirriemuir
Lowdon Isabella	Skinner Hill	Kirriemuir
Bell James		Biggar
Irving John	Bridge st	Lockerbie
Henderson James	Pulteney distillery	Wick
Chalmers Walter		Langholm
Ballingall	Back st.	Leven
Forrest James	Greenhead	Hamilton
Mackie Andrew	St. Monance	Pittenweem
Wardrop John	Wallace st	Galston
Scott William		Swinton
Greenshield Alex	St Germain st	Catrine in Sorn
Wilson David		Newburgh
Haldane John	Water row	Selkirk
Rolland John	Newtown, Westport	Kincardine
Wood James	High st	Kirkintilloch
Laing Alexander	High st	Dumbarton
Gray David	Irvine Brewery	Irvine
Tyrie John	High st	Blairgowrie
Watt William	Raise st	Saltcoats
Bridge Andre	Path-head	Dysart
McDonald William		Huntly
Greenfield Margaret		Coldingham
Borland John	New st	Beith
Moncur James	Hill st	Dunkeld
Hood James	Strand st	Stranraer
McKenzie Peter		Dunning
Source:
Pigot and co.'s national commercial directory of the whole of Scotland, 1837