Showing posts with label War. Show all posts
Showing posts with label War. Show all posts

Tuesday, 8 September 2026

War in brewing records

For the most part, brewing records note the details of a specific brew. With, perhaps, details of the weather that day. But, occasionally, the outside world intrudes on the cosy industrial documentation.

I came across this one yesterday. In a Young's brewing record. (PA, it you're interested. Which was 4.5% ABV. I doubt that there was anywhere else in Europe you could have found a beer that strong on that date.)

Part of a Young's brewing record with "VE Day" in large red letter and the date Thursday 8th May 1945.

VE Day was a big deal. Especially in London, which had been under attack for virtually the whole of the war. VE Day represented a return to normality. Even though the war ewith Japan continued. AT least there was no longer a need for the blackout.

Going back a couple of years, on 9th September 1940, a brew of Porter and several Stouts noted:

Part of a Whitbread  brewing record saying:  Air Raid Warnings:_ 5:15 p.m. to 6:25 p.m. AND 8:40 p.m. to 5:45 a.m.

Air Raid Warnings:_
5:15 p.m. to 6:25 p.m.
AND 8:40 p.m. to 5:45 a.m.

This was the fag end of the Battle of Britain and the start of the Blitz. Look at how long those warnings were. Around ten hours in total. That must have been both disruptive and scary.
 
A few months later, things were even worse for Boddington in Manchester. Their brewery suffered sever damage

Part of a Boddington's brewing record saying, in red ink,   "BIG AIR RAID ON MANCHESTER ON NIGHTS OF DEC 23RD & 24TH BREWERY BADLY DAMAGED BY FIRE & EXPLOSIVES ALL BEER IN F.V.S & R.S.S SPOILT RAN AWAY"

"BIG AIR RAID ON MANCHESTER
ON NIGHTS OF DEC 23RD & 24TH
BREWERY BADLY DAMAGED
BY FIRE & EXPLOSIVES
ALL BEER IN F.V.S & R.S.S
SPOILT
RAN AWAY"

The damage was so bad, that the next brew was around 9 months later, on 25th August 1941. 

Thursday, 7 July 2011

War and Peace! (again, again)

Now even better, using the worlds best quality toilet paper*.



*It's not meant seriously, it might not be printed on toilet paper. These books are printed in the U.S.A and for anyone outside Europe we recommend that War! and Peace are bought separately.

Sunday, 13 February 2011

Whitbread Porter 1850 - 1859

Another decade of Whitbread Porter. In some ways, quite a dull decade. At least in terms of recipes. It does contain, however, a good example of a recurring phenomenon in British beer history.

A tiny rise in the amount of black malt aside, the grist was unchaged over the whole decade. The hopping rate - at 2.75 to 3.25 lbs per barrel was also pretty constant. "But some only have 1 lb or less." I can hear you say.  That's very true. But those beers seem to have been reusing the spent hops from Keeping Porter. I say "seem" because it's not explicitly stated. But I can't believe it's a coincidence that every time the ordinary Porter had far fewer hops it was immediately after a brew of Keeping Porter.

Of course, there is one pretty significant change: the gravity. It suddenly drops 10%, from 1063-64º to 1056-1057º at the end of 1853. Students of history might be able to guess the cause. The answer appears after the table.


Whitbread Porter 1850 - 1859
Date
Year
Beer
OG
FG
ABV
App. Atten-uation
lbs hops/ qtr
hops lb/brl
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
boil time (hours)
Pitch temp
pale malt
brown malt
black malt
total
24th Jan
1850
P
1061.2
1019.4
5.53
68.33%
12.50
3.26
1.5
2
2
2
64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
20th Sep
1850
P
1065.9
1020.8
5.97
68.49%
11.84
3.09
1.5
2
2
2
64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
18th Sep
1850
P
1062.9
1016.6
6.12
73.57%
11.17
2.90
1.5
2
2

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
11th Sep
1850
P
1063.7
1016.9
6.19
73.48%
11.84
3.08
1.5
2
2
2
64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
14th Sep
1850
P
1062.3
1017.2
5.97
72.44%
10.58
2.78
1.5
2
2

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
2nd Jan
1851
P
1062.3
1017.2
5.97
72.44%
10.21
2.67
1.5
2
2
2
64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
16th Aug
1851
P
1064.5
1021.9
5.64
66.09%
11.19
3.12
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
11th Aug
1851
P
1065.1
1020.8
5.86
68.09%
11.11
3.55
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
1st Sep
1851
P
1063.2
1019.4
5.79
69.30%
11.15
3.14
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
8th Sep
1851
P
1063.4
1018.3
5.97
71.18%
11.19
3.13
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
27th Aug
1852
P
1056.0
1019.4
4.84
65.35%
10.41
2.88
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
31st Jul
1852
P
1062.9
1017.7
5.97
71.81%
11.14
2.95
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
18th Aug
1852
P
1063.2
1017.7
6.01
71.93%
11.22
3.25
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
11th Sep
1852
P
1060.9
1017.2
5.79
71.82%
11.55
3.03
1.5
1.5
3

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
9th Dec
1852
P
1064.0
1018.0
6.08
71.86%
10.18
2.93
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
9th Nov
1852
P
1064.0



10.08
2.84
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.12%
19.72%
3.16%
100.00%
5th Jul
1853
P
1062.6
1018.3
5.86
70.80%
11.32
3.06
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
20th Aug
1853
P
1062.0
1020.8
5.46
66.52%
12.69
3.41
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.86%
18.85%
3.30%
100.00%
22nd Dec
1853
P
1057.9
1016.3
5.50
71.77%
4.84
1.18
1.5
1.5
2

64º
76.69%
19.75%
3.56%
100.00%
7th Jul
1854
P
1056.0
1017.5
5.09
68.81%
11.24
2.75
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
17th Nov
1854
P
1057.1
1015.5
5.50
72.82%
4.02
1.00
1.5
1.5
2

64º
76.69%
19.75%
3.56%
100.00%
10th Jul
1855
P
1059.0
1015.5
5.75
73.71%
10.81
2.79
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
6th Nov
1855
P
1059.8
1018.3
5.50
69.44%
3.78
0.91
1.5
1.5
2

64º
76.69%
19.75%
3.56%
100.00%
7th Jul
1856
P
1054.8
1013.0
5.53
76.26%
10.99
2.95
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
6th Jul
1857
P
1054.8



11.14
2.75
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
21st Aug
1857
P
1054.0
1013.3
5.39
75.38%
12.21
3.17
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
6th Mar
1858
P
1052.9
1016.1
4.87
69.63%
3.33
0.79
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
24th Mar
1858
P
1056.0
1014.4
5.50
74.26%
3.27
0.80
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
22nd Jan
1858
P
1054.0
1015.2
5.13
71.79%
3.03
0.74
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
5th Jul
1858
P
1053.7
1016.9
4.87
68.56%
11.65
2.68
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
25th Nov
1858
P
1054.6
1014.7
5.28
73.10%
9.95
2.45
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
7th Sep
1858
P
1055.7
1018.8
4.87
66.17%
12.93
2.78
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
24th Sep
1858
P
1053.2
1016.6
4.84
68.75%
12.25
3.00
1.5
1.5
2

64º
77.49%
18.76%
3.75%
100.00%
25th Jan
1859
P
1056.8
1016.1
5.39
71.71%
3.56
0.91
1.5
1.5
2

64º
76.69%
19.75%
3.56%
100.00%
28th Jul
1859
P
1057.9
1018.3
5.24
68.42%
11.51
2.97
1.5
1.5
2

64º
76.69%
19.75%
3.56%
100.00%
10th Nov
1859
P
1052.1
1015.2
4.87
70.74%
1.64
0.42
1.5
1.5
2

64º
76.69%
19.75%
3.56%
100.00%
Source:
Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives
Documents:
LMA/4453/D/09/043, LMA/4453/D/09/044, LMA/4453/D/09/045, LMA/4453/D/09/046, LMA/4453/D/09/047, LMA/4453/D/09/048, LMA/4453/D/09/049, LMA/4453/D/09/050, LMA/4453/D/09/051, LMA/4453/D/09/052, LMA/4453/D/09/053



Why the sudden gravity drop? It's the recurring phenomenon. The motor driving most change in British beer over the last two centuries: war. War and the taxation to pay for it. The Crimean War broke out in October 1853 and almost immediately the tax on malt was raised from 2s 7d per bushel to 4s. (About 2 bushels of malt were needed to brew a barrel of Porter.)

Gladstone, Chancellor of the Exchequer at the time, promised that the tax was for the duration of the war only. It would be repealed the July after the formal ratification of a peace treaty. Politicians and their promises, eh? A treaty was signed early in 1856 and guess what? The tax was indeed repealed. No wonder Gladstone has such a good reputation.

"Then why didn't the gravity to back up after 1856?" That's a very good question. One I wish I had an answer to.