Showing posts with label BJCP. Show all posts
Showing posts with label BJCP. Show all posts
Friday, 27 October 2017
Chile judging day one
Kristen is already in the breakfast in the breakfast room when I come down. What is he wearing? I wish I had my sunglasses with me. I can barely see my food for the glare.
It’s quite early, 7:45. We were warned by Felipe yesterday to be punctual. The tasting kicks off at nine.
A couple of young Brazilian women are on the next table. Fernanda Meybom and Daiane Colle. They’re from Florianopolis in the south of the country.
“We know that we smile too much,” Fernanda says. Is that a bad thing? Smiling too much? Rather that than be a miserable bastard. You can never smile too much, in my opinion. I just think that. Don’t actually say it. I’m English. We keep in too much.
They’re critical of the breakfast. “It’s much better in Brazil. Lots of fruit. And better bread.”
“What sort of bread?” I stupidly ask. “Lots of different types of bread.” Is the reply. I realise it was like asking what sort of beer they brew in Germany. I’m an idiot sometimes.
I should probably tell you why I’m here. It’s to judge in the Copa Cervezas de América the first half of the week, then talk at the Latin American Brewers Conference the second half. Kristen has done it for several years and got me the invitation. I didn’t need to be asked twice.
It’s bright but chilly morning as we walk to the university, where the tasting will take place. Kristen is as hyperactive as ever. Someone should lace his morning coffee with Ritalin. Might make him more bearable.
The verges are well kempt and the streets are clean. A good bit cleaner than Amsterdam. There’s a mix of old, mini palaces and mid-rise flats. The gardens are illuminated by bright flowers. All very well-healed. Only the high fences around each property – sometimes topped with barbed wire - betray a darker side to the city.
The bundles of mains electricity cables sagging from telegraph poles are a bit scary. Especially when odd bits of wire are hanging off. And workmen do seem to be fiddling with them quite often..
Kristen has a weird cheese-shaped hat, in the colours of the US flag. “The slowest judge on my table will have to wear it. Chileans won’t like it. Cheesehead is the term for someone who is a bit slow mentally.” Great way to make friends and influence people, Kristen.
The tasting is in a hall of the Universidad de Las Americas. The building is a little bit rundown. Like Leeds Poly in the 1970’s. No, not that bad. Probably much like Leeds University.
There are tables of three, headed by a captain. One of which is me. My job is to achieve consensus when our scores are too far apart. We each have a laptop on which to enter our scores and comments.
The morning tasting kicks off with American Light Lagers followed by Cream Ales. Mikel Rius, who organises the Barcelona Beer Festival, and Gabriel Lara from Chile are my tasting companions for this session. It’s fun meeting different nationalities. Especially South Americans, few of whom I’ve met before.
The people are great. While the beers are mostly pretty bland. Except for a couple of real stinkers.
Looking around the room I notice something. I’m about the only male – other than the organisers and Stan – who isn’t wearing some sort of beer-branded shirt. In the case of industry people, one from the business they work for. Civilians presumably favour their favourite brewery.
The wild beers are mostly dead good. There’s a good fruited Brett beer that could pass for Belgian. Then a Stout/Double Brown based beer that has a wonderful combination of coconut and coffee. It’s a really outstanding beer. Wish I knew what it is.
For lunch we trail off to Pez de Oro, a Peruvian restaurant just around the corner. I’m accompanied by my tasting partners. It’s nice as we have more time to chat than during the judging.
We start with ceviche, I dish I’ve heard of but never tried. Gingery, spicy, sour and delicious. It’s a dead good mix of Asian and South American flavours. It’s followed by a lamb shank with rice. It’s pretty nice, but I get a small piece of bone stuck between my teeth. It takes me the next hour to remove it.
Dorthea Wächtler, a pleasant young woman who works for Weyermann malt comes and sits at our table.
“Do you live in Bamberg?” I ask.
“Yes.”
“You lucky devil.”
She speaks excellent English and Spanish. Way better than my German. I’m really jealous of her Spanish. Would come in dead handy here, where lots of people speak zero English.
I pass on the cheesecake pud.
In the afternoon I’m paired with Hernando Hernandez from Chile and Ricardo Aftyka from Argentina. The latter has a tiny brewery in Buenos Aires, Juguetes Perdidos, which produces 1,200 annually. He and his partners all have other jobs.
We’ve a whole session of Belgian Blonde Ales. The first is pretty good, with all the characteristics I’d expect: sweet, clovey and a touch of bitterness in the finish. It’s all downhill from there. The rest are mostly shit. Some are far too dark, others have no clove flavour, quite a few have a horrible cabbage water taste. I have to eat loads of crackers to get rid of the nastiness.
Kristen comes up to me and says: “How did you ever manage to write books typing with two fingers?” Cheeky bastard.
“It’s three, actually. And a thumb.”
As I’m not sure of the route back to the hotel. I ask Averie Swanson, head brewer at Jester King, if I can walk with her. I was too busy talking on the way over to pay attention. We talk beer, obviously enough. I’m amazed to find out that she knows who I am. The name Andrea Stanley pops up. She’s another fan.
We’ve a little time before the evening event, a beer launch at Kross Bar. I use it to rest a little, watching some incomprehensible, but reassuring crap local TV. It’s all a bit Channel Nine.
Cervceria Zigurat is launching four new experimental beers. Experimental. There’s a word that makes me nervous when it’s stuck in front of beer. Isn’t that how breweries get rid of shit that’s gone wrong? By calling it “experimental”.
There’s minibus to take us to KrossBar. We’re waiting for Lew and Gordon Strong, who have disappeared into one of their rooms. “What are they doing?”, I ask. Someone replies: “They're probably kissing.”
"Thank you for putting that image in my head. I can't unsee it now."
We eventually realise they aren’t coming and drive off. They'll be locked in embrace all evening.
KrossBar is packed. We squeeze into the beer garden. I order a Maibock, which is pretty nice. Especially after all those terrible Belgian Blonde Ales.
Felipe squats on the bar and gives a little talk. I wish I could still do things like that. I'd never get up again. They joys of becoming an old twat.
Then we get to drink the beer, a NEIPA. Which isn’t really murky enough for the style. Thankfully. It's free, so I sink a pint or five. As you do.
"Mike* warned me: don't try to keep up with Ron."
"That's the nicest thing anyone has ever said about me."
I chat with Brazilian Leonardo Sewald about parti-gyling. Well, shout, really. It's a subject that gets me aggressive. And it’s really loud in the pub. That's my excuse. Leonardo brews at Cervejaria Seasons in Porto Alegre, at the very southern extreme of Brazil.
A journalist comes up and chats. A photographer snaps.
Me and Uwe Kalms chat about something. I'm probably way too intense. Thank god it wasn't captured on video.
As we leave, we walk past a wall of beer drinker portraits.
“That’s not right” I say “George Best was a total and utter pisshead – he got through two livers - but he wasn’t a beer drinker. White wine was his drink of choice. And Churchill, he usually went for champagne or whisky, the posh bastard.”
Everyone else is already outside before I can tell them about Carlsberg Special Brew being brewed for Churchill.
We wait ages for an Uber. A dozen taxis cruise up while we’re hanging around, but we send them on their way.
I’m slightly worried that we’re five in number. Too many for one car. A tiny car arrives. Large enough for four small passengers. I’m just a slip of a thing, but some of our party are more substantially built.
Somehow, we all cram in. The driver doesn’t seem to mind. I’m on the outside. But I can't reach the door to close it. My arm is jammed, Leonardo has to do it. The ride is, er, intimate. And bumpy. And filled with laughter.
The driver asks something in Spanish after a couple of hundred metres. “Can I stop off for petrol?”
Yeah fine. It’s dead comfortable back here. Take your time, mate.
We swap Douglas Adams jokes to pass the time. Squinting under my armpit, I can see the pump. He’s bought 200 pesos worth of petrol. That’s about a litre and a half.
Back at the hotel, we spill out when the doors are opened. And climb contently to our beds.
Though I do have a quick Lagavullin, purely for medicinal purposes. My doctor recommended it. I think. Could have been just a very vivid dream.
Great evening. I love Chile.
* Karnowski, of Zebulon Brewing in Weaverville, North Carolina.
Universidad de Las Americas
Av. Antonio Varas 880,
Providencia,
Región Metropolitana.
http://www.udla.cl/
Restaurant Pez de Oro
Av. Manuel Montt 1060,
Providencia,
Región Metropolitana.
Tel: +56 2 2205 5861
Juguetes Perdidos Cerveza
Bolivia 3342,
B1678EIP Caseros,
Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
KrossBar
Dardignac 127,
Providencia,
Región Metropolitana.
Tel: +56 2 2759 5434
http://www.kross.cl/
Cervceria Zigurat
http://www.cervezazigurat.cl/
Cervejaria Seasons
Rua Provenzano,
333 Anchieta,
90200-200 Porto Alegre,
Brazil.
Tel: +55 51 4102-0583
http://www.cervejariaseasons.com.br
Disclaimer:
My trip was paid for by Copa Cervezas de América
http://www.copacervezasdeamerica.com
It’s quite early, 7:45. We were warned by Felipe yesterday to be punctual. The tasting kicks off at nine.
A couple of young Brazilian women are on the next table. Fernanda Meybom and Daiane Colle. They’re from Florianopolis in the south of the country.
“We know that we smile too much,” Fernanda says. Is that a bad thing? Smiling too much? Rather that than be a miserable bastard. You can never smile too much, in my opinion. I just think that. Don’t actually say it. I’m English. We keep in too much.
They’re critical of the breakfast. “It’s much better in Brazil. Lots of fruit. And better bread.”
“What sort of bread?” I stupidly ask. “Lots of different types of bread.” Is the reply. I realise it was like asking what sort of beer they brew in Germany. I’m an idiot sometimes.
I should probably tell you why I’m here. It’s to judge in the Copa Cervezas de América the first half of the week, then talk at the Latin American Brewers Conference the second half. Kristen has done it for several years and got me the invitation. I didn’t need to be asked twice.
It’s bright but chilly morning as we walk to the university, where the tasting will take place. Kristen is as hyperactive as ever. Someone should lace his morning coffee with Ritalin. Might make him more bearable.
The verges are well kempt and the streets are clean. A good bit cleaner than Amsterdam. There’s a mix of old, mini palaces and mid-rise flats. The gardens are illuminated by bright flowers. All very well-healed. Only the high fences around each property – sometimes topped with barbed wire - betray a darker side to the city.
The bundles of mains electricity cables sagging from telegraph poles are a bit scary. Especially when odd bits of wire are hanging off. And workmen do seem to be fiddling with them quite often..
Kristen has a weird cheese-shaped hat, in the colours of the US flag. “The slowest judge on my table will have to wear it. Chileans won’t like it. Cheesehead is the term for someone who is a bit slow mentally.” Great way to make friends and influence people, Kristen.
The tasting is in a hall of the Universidad de Las Americas. The building is a little bit rundown. Like Leeds Poly in the 1970’s. No, not that bad. Probably much like Leeds University.
There are tables of three, headed by a captain. One of which is me. My job is to achieve consensus when our scores are too far apart. We each have a laptop on which to enter our scores and comments.
The morning tasting kicks off with American Light Lagers followed by Cream Ales. Mikel Rius, who organises the Barcelona Beer Festival, and Gabriel Lara from Chile are my tasting companions for this session. It’s fun meeting different nationalities. Especially South Americans, few of whom I’ve met before.
The people are great. While the beers are mostly pretty bland. Except for a couple of real stinkers.
Looking around the room I notice something. I’m about the only male – other than the organisers and Stan – who isn’t wearing some sort of beer-branded shirt. In the case of industry people, one from the business they work for. Civilians presumably favour their favourite brewery.
The wild beers are mostly dead good. There’s a good fruited Brett beer that could pass for Belgian. Then a Stout/Double Brown based beer that has a wonderful combination of coconut and coffee. It’s a really outstanding beer. Wish I knew what it is.
For lunch we trail off to Pez de Oro, a Peruvian restaurant just around the corner. I’m accompanied by my tasting partners. It’s nice as we have more time to chat than during the judging.
We start with ceviche, I dish I’ve heard of but never tried. Gingery, spicy, sour and delicious. It’s a dead good mix of Asian and South American flavours. It’s followed by a lamb shank with rice. It’s pretty nice, but I get a small piece of bone stuck between my teeth. It takes me the next hour to remove it.
Dorthea Wächtler, a pleasant young woman who works for Weyermann malt comes and sits at our table.
“Do you live in Bamberg?” I ask.
“Yes.”
“You lucky devil.”
She speaks excellent English and Spanish. Way better than my German. I’m really jealous of her Spanish. Would come in dead handy here, where lots of people speak zero English.
I pass on the cheesecake pud.
In the afternoon I’m paired with Hernando Hernandez from Chile and Ricardo Aftyka from Argentina. The latter has a tiny brewery in Buenos Aires, Juguetes Perdidos, which produces 1,200 annually. He and his partners all have other jobs.
We’ve a whole session of Belgian Blonde Ales. The first is pretty good, with all the characteristics I’d expect: sweet, clovey and a touch of bitterness in the finish. It’s all downhill from there. The rest are mostly shit. Some are far too dark, others have no clove flavour, quite a few have a horrible cabbage water taste. I have to eat loads of crackers to get rid of the nastiness.
Kristen comes up to me and says: “How did you ever manage to write books typing with two fingers?” Cheeky bastard.
“It’s three, actually. And a thumb.”
As I’m not sure of the route back to the hotel. I ask Averie Swanson, head brewer at Jester King, if I can walk with her. I was too busy talking on the way over to pay attention. We talk beer, obviously enough. I’m amazed to find out that she knows who I am. The name Andrea Stanley pops up. She’s another fan.
We’ve a little time before the evening event, a beer launch at Kross Bar. I use it to rest a little, watching some incomprehensible, but reassuring crap local TV. It’s all a bit Channel Nine.
Cervceria Zigurat is launching four new experimental beers. Experimental. There’s a word that makes me nervous when it’s stuck in front of beer. Isn’t that how breweries get rid of shit that’s gone wrong? By calling it “experimental”.
There’s minibus to take us to KrossBar. We’re waiting for Lew and Gordon Strong, who have disappeared into one of their rooms. “What are they doing?”, I ask. Someone replies: “They're probably kissing.”
"Thank you for putting that image in my head. I can't unsee it now."
We eventually realise they aren’t coming and drive off. They'll be locked in embrace all evening.
KrossBar is packed. We squeeze into the beer garden. I order a Maibock, which is pretty nice. Especially after all those terrible Belgian Blonde Ales.
Felipe squats on the bar and gives a little talk. I wish I could still do things like that. I'd never get up again. They joys of becoming an old twat.
Then we get to drink the beer, a NEIPA. Which isn’t really murky enough for the style. Thankfully. It's free, so I sink a pint or five. As you do.
"Mike* warned me: don't try to keep up with Ron."
"That's the nicest thing anyone has ever said about me."
I chat with Brazilian Leonardo Sewald about parti-gyling. Well, shout, really. It's a subject that gets me aggressive. And it’s really loud in the pub. That's my excuse. Leonardo brews at Cervejaria Seasons in Porto Alegre, at the very southern extreme of Brazil.
A journalist comes up and chats. A photographer snaps.
Me and Uwe Kalms chat about something. I'm probably way too intense. Thank god it wasn't captured on video.
As we leave, we walk past a wall of beer drinker portraits.
“That’s not right” I say “George Best was a total and utter pisshead – he got through two livers - but he wasn’t a beer drinker. White wine was his drink of choice. And Churchill, he usually went for champagne or whisky, the posh bastard.”
Everyone else is already outside before I can tell them about Carlsberg Special Brew being brewed for Churchill.
We wait ages for an Uber. A dozen taxis cruise up while we’re hanging around, but we send them on their way.
I’m slightly worried that we’re five in number. Too many for one car. A tiny car arrives. Large enough for four small passengers. I’m just a slip of a thing, but some of our party are more substantially built.
Somehow, we all cram in. The driver doesn’t seem to mind. I’m on the outside. But I can't reach the door to close it. My arm is jammed, Leonardo has to do it. The ride is, er, intimate. And bumpy. And filled with laughter.
The driver asks something in Spanish after a couple of hundred metres. “Can I stop off for petrol?”
Yeah fine. It’s dead comfortable back here. Take your time, mate.
We swap Douglas Adams jokes to pass the time. Squinting under my armpit, I can see the pump. He’s bought 200 pesos worth of petrol. That’s about a litre and a half.
Back at the hotel, we spill out when the doors are opened. And climb contently to our beds.
Though I do have a quick Lagavullin, purely for medicinal purposes. My doctor recommended it. I think. Could have been just a very vivid dream.
Great evening. I love Chile.
* Karnowski, of Zebulon Brewing in Weaverville, North Carolina.
Universidad de Las Americas
Av. Antonio Varas 880,
Providencia,
Región Metropolitana.
http://www.udla.cl/
Restaurant Pez de Oro
Av. Manuel Montt 1060,
Providencia,
Región Metropolitana.
Tel: +56 2 2205 5861
Juguetes Perdidos Cerveza
Bolivia 3342,
B1678EIP Caseros,
Buenos Aires,
Argentina.
KrossBar
Dardignac 127,
Providencia,
Región Metropolitana.
Tel: +56 2 2759 5434
http://www.kross.cl/
Cervceria Zigurat
http://www.cervezazigurat.cl/
Cervejaria Seasons
Rua Provenzano,
333 Anchieta,
90200-200 Porto Alegre,
Brazil.
Tel: +55 51 4102-0583
http://www.cervejariaseasons.com.br
Disclaimer:
My trip was paid for by Copa Cervezas de América
http://www.copacervezasdeamerica.com
Saturday, 13 February 2016
English IPA
This all kicked off when I was writing a 1957 Whitbread IPA recipe recently. When I was plugging the details into BeerSmith, I chose as style English IPA. Makes sense. It's an IPA brewed in England.
It didn't fit with the specs of the style at all. Way too low in gravity. Looking more closely at the supposed characteristics of the style, I realised that virtually no IPA brewed in the UK in the 20th century matched the numbers. The gravity range given is 1050-1075º. While I'm pretty sure that almost no British IPA brewed between 1820 and 1980 was over 1070º.
I realised that the definition of English IPA wasn't based on anything as silly as IPA's brewed in the UK. But what American home brewers think and English IPA should be like. So similar to an American IPA, but not as hoppy. Or with English rather than US hops. I love the utter cheek of this statement in the 2008 BJCP style guidelines:
The idea of IPA having wildly different strengths doesn't seem to have phased British drinkers. As I realised when I searched the newspaper archive for "Whitbread IPA". And came across this gem of an advert:
Why is it so revealing? Because it lists two very different kinds of IPA. You just need to look at the prices.
First you've got Whitbread IPA, selling for 2s 6d for a dozen pints, or 2.5d per pint. Further down the list are Worthington and Bass IPA, selling for the same price for half pints. Meaning they were double the price of Whitbread IPA.
If you look at the beers themsleves, the reason for the price difference is obvious: Bass and Worthington were much stronger.
Clearly drinkers weren't confused by being offered IPAs of very different strengths. Whitbread IPA is about as weak as beer got before WW I, when average gravity was 1055º. Today a beer in the same strength class would have an OG of around 1035º.
Note also the price premium for Pale Ale: despite being the same price as the Stout, the gravity was lower. Though the Jacob's Pilsener was even more overpriced, costing the same as a Burton Pale Ale, when its gravity would have been much lower.
If early 20th-century drinkers could get their heads around low-gravity IPA, what's the problem today?
It didn't fit with the specs of the style at all. Way too low in gravity. Looking more closely at the supposed characteristics of the style, I realised that virtually no IPA brewed in the UK in the 20th century matched the numbers. The gravity range given is 1050-1075º. While I'm pretty sure that almost no British IPA brewed between 1820 and 1980 was over 1070º.
I realised that the definition of English IPA wasn't based on anything as silly as IPA's brewed in the UK. But what American home brewers think and English IPA should be like. So similar to an American IPA, but not as hoppy. Or with English rather than US hops. I love the utter cheek of this statement in the 2008 BJCP style guidelines:
"The term “IPA” is loosely applied in commercial English beers today, and has been (incorrectly) used in beers below 4% ABV."Right. So American home brewers get to decide what a British brewery can and cannot call IPA. The idea that there's some universal definition of IPA that means it can't be applied to a beer of under 4% ABV. While low gravity IPA has a long history. A much longer one than the modern American style. Yet for some reason that doesn't count.
The idea of IPA having wildly different strengths doesn't seem to have phased British drinkers. As I realised when I searched the newspaper archive for "Whitbread IPA". And came across this gem of an advert:
Why is it so revealing? Because it lists two very different kinds of IPA. You just need to look at the prices.
First you've got Whitbread IPA, selling for 2s 6d for a dozen pints, or 2.5d per pint. Further down the list are Worthington and Bass IPA, selling for the same price for half pints. Meaning they were double the price of Whitbread IPA.
If you look at the beers themsleves, the reason for the price difference is obvious: Bass and Worthington were much stronger.
| Bass, Whitbread and Guinness 1898 - 1912 | |||||||
| Year | Brewer | Beer | Style | OG | FG | ABV | App. Atten-uation |
| 1898 | Bass | Pale Ale | IPA | 1064.9 | 1015.6 | 6.43 | 76.02% |
| 1901 | Bass | Dog's Head | IPA | 1065.6 | 1003.3 | 8.06 | 94.59% |
| 1901 | Bass | White Label | IPA | 1063.8 | 1007.4 | 7.25 | 87.73% |
| 1912 | Whitbread | IPA | IPA | 1048.8 | 1011.0 | 4.99 | 77.44% |
| 1912 | Whitbread | LS | Stout | 1055.7 | 1013.0 | 5.65 | 76.65% |
| 1901 | Guinness | Foreign Extra Stout | Stout | 1075.7 | 1013.3 | 8.18 | 82.42% |
| 1901 | Guinness | Extra Foreign Stout | Stout | 1075.0 | 1013.2 | 7.86 | 81.34% |
| Sources: | |||||||
| Brockhaus' konversations-lexikon, Band 2 by F.A. Brockhaus, 1898 | |||||||
| Wahl & Henius, pages 823-830 | |||||||
| Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/077 and LMA/4453/D/09/106. | |||||||
Clearly drinkers weren't confused by being offered IPAs of very different strengths. Whitbread IPA is about as weak as beer got before WW I, when average gravity was 1055º. Today a beer in the same strength class would have an OG of around 1035º.
Note also the price premium for Pale Ale: despite being the same price as the Stout, the gravity was lower. Though the Jacob's Pilsener was even more overpriced, costing the same as a Burton Pale Ale, when its gravity would have been much lower.
If early 20th-century drinkers could get their heads around low-gravity IPA, what's the problem today?
Sunday, 4 November 2012
Maclay PA 6d 1939 - 1992
More Maclay stuff, this time focusing on PA 6d. A beer that was, for a long time in the 1930's and 1940's Maclay's bread and butter beer. But it hides a strange secret behind its name.
I twigged what that secret was when I got to about 1951 in my log trawl. It's made me do some rethinking about Scottish beer. Particularly about the nature of 60/-, 70/- and 80/-. But before we get onto such philosophical questions, let's take a look at the beer itself:
The first thing that strikes me is how little this beer changed between 1951 and 1984. The OG was rock solid at 1030, though the FG did decline a point or two. I don't think I've come across a beer whose specs were so stable for so long.
The stability doesn't end there. The hopping rate stayed at around 0.65 lbs per barrel for the whole period. As did the fermentation temperature, with pitching at 61º F, rising to 69º F. Fermentation took 7 or 8 days.
I'm shocked at how little the recipe changed as well. 75-80% pale malt, 5-7% No. 2 invert, 3% DCS sugar, 11% flaked maize, 2% malt extract and a touch of caramel. Between 1956 and 1980 the recipe is basically identical. That's very unusual.
That's quite odd, but not as odd as what comes next.
Matching up brewhouse names with product names can be a nightmare. Especially when you don't have a price list. That's not a problem with Maclay. At least not from the 1970's onwards, because I can remember their beers and they're listed in the Good Beer Guide.
This is the entry for Maclay in the 1982 Good Beer Guide:
I can match these up nae probs with the beers in the brewing records. There's only one thing 60/- could possibly be: PA 6d. Which causes me quite a degree of consternation.
Because I always considered 60/-, and Maclay 60/- in particular, to be Dark Mild. Not only was it called a Pale Ale in the brewery, it was brewed to exactly the same recipe as the 70/- (SPA in the brewhouse) and 80/- (Export). Presumably it was primed with caramel at racking time to get the dark colour.
This in itself isn't that unusual. There were plenty of breweries who made Mild by adding caramel to their Bitter. It still goes on today. What makes me feel weird is this: in way, the BJCP are right in their description of 60/-, 70/- and 80/-. They say that they are different strength versions of the same thing. Which in the case of Maclay is certainly true. Where the BJCP falls down is in not recognising that they are the Scottish versions of Pale Ale rather than mythical "Scottish Ales". And all that bollocks about cool fermentation temperatures, roast barley for colouring, etc.
There's one question unanswered: when did Maclay PA 6d get darker and turn into a pretend Mild?
I twigged what that secret was when I got to about 1951 in my log trawl. It's made me do some rethinking about Scottish beer. Particularly about the nature of 60/-, 70/- and 80/-. But before we get onto such philosophical questions, let's take a look at the beer itself:
| Maclay PA 6d 1939 - 1992 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Date | Year | OG | FG | ABV | App. Atten-uation | lbs hops/ qtr | hops lb/brl | Pitch temp | max. fermen-tation temp | length of fermen-tation (days) | pale malt | crystal malt | no. 1 sugar | no. 2 sugar | caramel | DCS sugar | oats | flaked maize | flaked rice | wheat malt | flaked barley | malted oats | torrefied wheat | malt extract |
| 21st Feb | 1939 | 1038 | 1017 | 2.78 | 55.26% | 4.00 | 0.65 | 60º | 67.5º | 8 | 78.57% | 14.29% | 7.14% | |||||||||||
| 15th Aug | 1939 | 1038 | 1011 | 3.57 | 71.05% | 6.00 | 1.00 | 59º | 68º | 9 | 75.00% | 16.67% | 8.33% | |||||||||||
| 6th Feb | 1940 | 1036 | 1014 | 2.91 | 61.11% | 5.00 | 0.78 | 60º | 66º | 8 | 85.71% | 14.29% | ||||||||||||
| 29th Jun | 1943 | 1032 | 1014 | 2.38 | 56.25% | 4.00 | 0.56 | 60º | 67.5º | 7 | 76.98% | 9.06% | 0.38% | 4.53% | 9.06% | |||||||||
| 6th Jul | 1943 | 1032 | 1011 | 2.78 | 65.63% | 4.00 | 0.55 | 60º | 65º | 8 | 76.34% | 8.14% | 0.25% | 6.11% | 9.16% | |||||||||
| 6th Jul | 1943 | 1032 | 1011 | 2.78 | 65.63% | 4.00 | 0.55 | 60º | 65º | 8 | 76.34% | 8.14% | 0.25% | 6.11% | 9.16% | |||||||||
| 4th Aug | 1943 | 1032 | 1014 | 2.38 | 56.25% | 4.00 | 0.55 | 60º | 67º | 6 | 76.98% | 9.06% | 0.38% | 4.53% | 9.06% | |||||||||
| 10th Mar | 1944 | 1032 | 1011 | 2.78 | 65.63% | 3.53 | 0.48 | 60º | 67º | 8 | 79.39% | 8.14% | 0.25% | 6.11% | 6.11% | |||||||||
| 13th Jun | 1944 | 1032 | 1014 | 2.38 | 56.25% | 4.00 | 0.57 | 60º | 68º | 7 | 79.39% | 8.14% | 0.25% | 12.21% | ||||||||||
| 21st Jun | 1951 | 1030 | 1013 | 2.25 | 56.67% | 5.26 | 0.70 | 61.5º | 66º | 7 | 94.12% | 5.88% | 0.00% | |||||||||||
| 25th Jul | 1951 | 1030 | 1010 | 2.65 | 66.67% | 5.25 | 0.65 | 61º | 68º | 8 | 87.26% | 5.13% | 0.76% | 1.71% | 5.13% | |||||||||
| 20th May | 1952 | 1030 | 1012 | 2.38 | 60.00% | 5.33 | 0.67 | 61º | 68º | 8 | 86.80% | 5.79% | 0.18% | 2.89% | 4.34% | |||||||||
| 24th Jul | 1952 | 1030 | 1009 | 2.78 | 70.00% | 5.33 | 0.68 | 61º | 69º | 8 | 86.80% | 5.79% | 0.18% | 2.89% | 4.34% | |||||||||
| 5th Sep | 1956 | 1030 | 1010 | 2.65 | 66.67% | 6.00 | 0.77 | 62º | 70.5º | 8 | 74.82% | 7.67% | 0.24% | 3.84% | 11.51% | 1.92% | ||||||||
| 10th May | 1957 | 1030 | 1013 | 2.25 | 56.67% | 5.62 | 0.69 | 62.5º | 68º | 7 | 74.82% | 7.67% | 0.24% | 3.84% | 11.51% | 1.92% | ||||||||
| 29th Jul | 1957 | 1030 | 1009 | 2.78 | 70.00% | 6.32 | 0.81 | 62º | 72º | 8 | 73.24% | 9.39% | 0.47% | 3.76% | 11.27% | 1.88% | ||||||||
| 1st Sep | 1965 | 1030 | 1012 | 2.38 | 60.00% | 6.05 | 0.75 | 61.5º | 69.5º | 7 | 74.82% | 7.67% | 0.24% | 3.84% | 11.51% | 1.92% | ||||||||
| 9th Mar | 1966 | 1030 | 1012 | 2.38 | 60.00% | 6.05 | 0.74 | 61.5º | 69º | 7 | 74.91% | 7.68% | 0.12% | 3.84% | 11.52% | 1.92% | ||||||||
| 7th Jan | 1971 | 1030 | 1008 | 2.91 | 73.33% | 5.08 | 0.64 | 62º | 71º | 7 | 79.18% | 5.66% | 0.08% | 1.89% | 11.31% | 1.89% | ||||||||
| 27th Jun | 1971 | 1030 | 1011 | 2.51 | 63.33% | 4.86 | 0.61 | 61.5º | 69.5º | 7 | 79.06% | 3.76% | 0.24% | 3.76% | 11.29% | 1.88% | ||||||||
| 19th Apr | 1972 | 1030 | 1009 | 2.78 | 70.00% | 5.19 | 0.64 | 62.5º | 72º | 7 | 79.15% | 5.65% | 0.12% | 1.88% | 11.31% | 1.88% | ||||||||
| 2nd Apr | 1975 | 1030 | 1008 | 2.91 | 73.33% | 5.30 | 0.67 | 61.5º | 70º | 7 | 79.15% | 5.65% | 0.12% | 1.88% | 11.31% | 1.88% | ||||||||
| 6th Mar | 1980 | 1030 | 1008 | 2.91 | 73.33% | 5.30 | 0.65 | 61º | 69º | 7 | 79.06% | 5.65% | 0.24% | 1.88% | 11.29% | 1.88% | ||||||||
| 18th Mar | 1984 | 1030 | 1007 | 3.04 | 76.67% | 5.30 | 0.65 | 61º | 66º | 8 | 90.35% | 5.65% | 0.24% | 1.88% | 1.88% | |||||||||
| 8th Jul | 1992 | 1034 | 1011 | 3.04 | 67.65% | 4.17 | 0.62 | º | 70º | 7 | 87.18% | 5.13% | 2.56% | 5.13% | 0.00% | |||||||||
| Sources: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Maclay brewing records, document numbers M/6/1/1/3, M/6/1/1/4, M/6/1/1/13, M/6/1/1/28, M/6/1/1/35, M/6/1/1/44, M/6/1/1/46, M/6/1/1/49, M/6/1/1/56, M/6/1/1/61, M/6/1/1/64 held at the Scottish Brewing Archive. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
The first thing that strikes me is how little this beer changed between 1951 and 1984. The OG was rock solid at 1030, though the FG did decline a point or two. I don't think I've come across a beer whose specs were so stable for so long.
The stability doesn't end there. The hopping rate stayed at around 0.65 lbs per barrel for the whole period. As did the fermentation temperature, with pitching at 61º F, rising to 69º F. Fermentation took 7 or 8 days.
I'm shocked at how little the recipe changed as well. 75-80% pale malt, 5-7% No. 2 invert, 3% DCS sugar, 11% flaked maize, 2% malt extract and a touch of caramel. Between 1956 and 1980 the recipe is basically identical. That's very unusual.
That's quite odd, but not as odd as what comes next.
Matching up brewhouse names with product names can be a nightmare. Especially when you don't have a price list. That's not a problem with Maclay. At least not from the 1970's onwards, because I can remember their beers and they're listed in the Good Beer Guide.
This is the entry for Maclay in the 1982 Good Beer Guide:
I can match these up nae probs with the beers in the brewing records. There's only one thing 60/- could possibly be: PA 6d. Which causes me quite a degree of consternation.
Because I always considered 60/-, and Maclay 60/- in particular, to be Dark Mild. Not only was it called a Pale Ale in the brewery, it was brewed to exactly the same recipe as the 70/- (SPA in the brewhouse) and 80/- (Export). Presumably it was primed with caramel at racking time to get the dark colour.
This in itself isn't that unusual. There were plenty of breweries who made Mild by adding caramel to their Bitter. It still goes on today. What makes me feel weird is this: in way, the BJCP are right in their description of 60/-, 70/- and 80/-. They say that they are different strength versions of the same thing. Which in the case of Maclay is certainly true. Where the BJCP falls down is in not recognising that they are the Scottish versions of Pale Ale rather than mythical "Scottish Ales". And all that bollocks about cool fermentation temperatures, roast barley for colouring, etc.
There's one question unanswered: when did Maclay PA 6d get darker and turn into a pretend Mild?
Friday, 16 March 2012
T & J Bernard Pale Ales 1906 - 1958
Looking around breweries doesn't half give me a thirst. So let's break off from our stroll around Bernard's old brewery and take a look at what they were making: beer.
Funny how when people have looked for differences between English and Scottish brewing they've missed the real points of interest and having wandered off down the path of ignorance into fantasy land. Because the genuine differences are much more fascinating.
Take styles. No, I'm not going to start droning on here about putative Scottish styles. No, my perspective is quite different. Observing how Scotland, like Ireland, was out of phase with developments in beer styles. We all know that Scotland embraced Lager earlier. I'm seeing growing evidence that Scotland also switched it allegiance from (Mild) Ale to Pale Ale much more quickly.
Take a look at the interwar period. What were Scottish brewers making? Loads of Pale Ales and IPAs, a bit of Strong Ale and the odd Stout. No Mild in sight. While in England Mild was still the mainstay of the vast majority of breweries.
That explains why I've a whole stack of Pale Ale analyses for Bernard and not much else. Barnard, you'll note, specifically mentions the production Pale Ale at Bernard. It looks like they were one of the Scottish breweries that jumped on the Pale Ale bandwagon the first time it passed by.
I suppose you'll want to see the table now. I don't like to disappoint:
What do I need to tell you about that lot? First, look at the different way 90/- was used between the wars. It's not a Strong Ale but a relatively low-gravity, bottle IPA. About 1040º before the war, under 1030º just after it. Shouldn't an IPA be stronger than its Pale Ale? Only if you're living in style-Nazi land. In Britain, especially in London and Scotland, it was often the other way around. And no, those brewers weren't willfully deceiving the public. Just adhering to a different set of conventions and consumer expectations.
You'll notice other points that conflict with modern usage. Like those 80/- Ales from 1947 with gravities around 1034º. The BJCP defines the gravity range as 1040º – 1054º. Yet more consumer fraud by those bastard brewers. Or perhaps a sign that definitions - at least those in drinkers' and brewers' minds - are ephemeral.
You'll see that same with 60/-. All the pre-war examples are way over the upper limit of 1035º imposed by the style definers. Though at least it as actually the type of beer they describe, a Pale Ale. Unlike modern 60/- which is Dark Mild.
The only beers that fit into modern styles are the last few. Those Special Exports squeeze in at the bottom of the modern idea of a Scottish Export. Probably more by coincidence than anything else.
Funny how when people have looked for differences between English and Scottish brewing they've missed the real points of interest and having wandered off down the path of ignorance into fantasy land. Because the genuine differences are much more fascinating.
Take styles. No, I'm not going to start droning on here about putative Scottish styles. No, my perspective is quite different. Observing how Scotland, like Ireland, was out of phase with developments in beer styles. We all know that Scotland embraced Lager earlier. I'm seeing growing evidence that Scotland also switched it allegiance from (Mild) Ale to Pale Ale much more quickly.
Take a look at the interwar period. What were Scottish brewers making? Loads of Pale Ales and IPAs, a bit of Strong Ale and the odd Stout. No Mild in sight. While in England Mild was still the mainstay of the vast majority of breweries.
That explains why I've a whole stack of Pale Ale analyses for Bernard and not much else. Barnard, you'll note, specifically mentions the production Pale Ale at Bernard. It looks like they were one of the Scottish breweries that jumped on the Pale Ale bandwagon the first time it passed by.
I suppose you'll want to see the table now. I don't like to disappoint:
| T & J Bernard Pale Ales 1906 - 1958 | |||||||||||
| Year | Beer | Style | Price | size | package | Acidity | FG | OG | colour | ABV | App. Attenuation |
| 1924 | 90/- IPA | IPA | pint | bottled | 1013 | 1041 | 3.62 | 68.29% | |||
| 1928 | 90/- India PA | IPA | pint | bottled | 1005 | 1039 | no. 11 | 4.43 | 87.18% | ||
| 1929 | India Pale Ale 90/- (carbonated) | IPA | pint | bottled | 1009 | 1039.5 | No 11 | 3.96 | 77.22% | ||
| 1929 | 90/- India Pale Ale (carbonated) | IPA | pint | bottled | 1009.8 | 1040 | No. 13 | 3.93 | 75.63% | ||
| 1929 | 90/- India Pale Ale | IPA | pint | bottled | 1009 | 1040 | 58 | 4.03 | 77.50% | ||
| 1933 | India Pale Ale | IPA | pint | bottled | 1009.5 | 1038.5 | 3.76 | 75.32% | |||
| 1949 | 90/- India Pale Ale | IPA | pint | bottled | 1006.5 | 1029.5 | 2.98 | 77.97% | |||
| 1958 | India Pale Ale | IPA | 21d | 16 oz | can | 0.04 | 1008.9 | 1030.6 | 50 | 2.71 | 70.92% |
| 1906 | 54/- PA | Pale Ale | pint | draught | 1051.5 | 12 | |||||
| 1906 | 54/- PA | Pale Ale | pint | draught | 1050.2 | 12 | |||||
| 1921 | PA 60/- | Pale Ale | pint | draught | 1011 | 1039.2 | 3.65 | 71.94% | |||
| 1922 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | 7d | pint | draught | 1009.6 | 1039.2 | 40 | 3.84 | 75.49% | |
| 1922 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1005.4 | 1042.5 | 27 | 4.85 | 87.31% | ||
| 1923 | Carbonated Beer | Pale Ale | 4d | half pint | bottled | 1012.4 | 1037.6 | 45 | 3.26 | 67.02% | |
| 1923 | PA | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1005 | 1039 | 4.43 | 87.18% | |||
| 1924 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | 4d | half pint | bottled | 1013.2 | 1040.2 | 35 | 3.49 | 67.16% | |
| 1924 | 60/- | Pale Ale | pint | 1014 | 1040 | 42 | 3.36 | 65.00% | |||
| 1925 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | 4d | half pint | bottled | 1010 | 1038 | 39 | 3.63 | 73.68% | |
| 1926 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1009 | 1040 | 40 | 4.03 | 77.50% | ||
| 1926 | PA | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1009 | 1041 | 30 | 4.16 | 78.05% | ||
| 1927 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1007 | 1040 | 4.29 | 82.50% | |||
| 1927 | 90/- | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1011 | 1040 | 40 | 3.76 | 72.50% | ||
| 1928 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | 4d | half pint | bottled | 1010 | 1039 | 3.76 | 74.36% | ||
| 1928 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1005 | 1050 | 18 | 5.89 | 90.00% | ||
| 1929 | Crown Brand Export (carbonated) | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1005.3 | 1049 | No. 00 | 5.72 | 89.29% | ||
| 1929 | 90/- (carbonated) | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1008.5 | 1038.5 | No. 10 | 3.90 | 77.92% | ||
| 1930 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | draught | 1012 | 1040 | 31 | 3.63 | 70.00% | ||
| 1933 | 90/- | Pale Ale | pint | draught | 1005 | 1039 | 4.43 | 87.18% | |||
| 1933 | Export Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1006 | 1051 | 5.89 | 88.24% | |||
| 1934 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | draught | 1011.3 | 1041 | 3.86 | 72.56% | |||
| 1939 | 60/- Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1006 | 1037.8 | 9 – 10 | 4.13 | 84.11% | ||
| 1940 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1008.3 | 1037.8 | 3.83 | 78.15% | |||
| 1941 | Pale Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1009 | 1037.5 | 3.70 | 76.00% | |||
| 1947 | 80/- Ale | Pale Ale | 16d | pint | bottled | 1006.5 | 1034 | 3.57 | 80.88% | ||
| 1947 | 80/- Ale | Pale Ale | 16d | pint | bottled | 1006 | 1033 | 3.51 | 81.82% | ||
| 1947 | 80/- Ale | Pale Ale | 16d | pint | bottled | 1006 | 1034 | 3.64 | 82.35% | ||
| 1947 | 60/- Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1003.5 | 1031 | 3.58 | 88.71% | |||
| 1949 | Special Export Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1009 | 1041.5 | 4.22 | 78.31% | |||
| 1949 | PA 60/- | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1007 | 1031.5 | 3.18 | 77.78% | |||
| 1949 | Special Export Ale | Pale Ale | pint | bottled | 1007 | 1041 | 4.43 | 82.93% | |||
| 1958 | Export Beer | Pale Ale | 26d | 16 oz | can | 0.05 | 1010.1 | 1043.1 | 100 | 4.12 | 76.57% |
| Sources: | |||||||||||
| Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/002 | |||||||||||
| Document WY/6/1/1/14 of the William Younger archive held at the Scottish Brewing Archive. | |||||||||||
| Thomas Usher Gravity Book document TU/6/11 | |||||||||||
| Younger, Wm. & Co Gravity Book document WY/6/1/1/19 held at the Scottish Brewing Archive | |||||||||||
What do I need to tell you about that lot? First, look at the different way 90/- was used between the wars. It's not a Strong Ale but a relatively low-gravity, bottle IPA. About 1040º before the war, under 1030º just after it. Shouldn't an IPA be stronger than its Pale Ale? Only if you're living in style-Nazi land. In Britain, especially in London and Scotland, it was often the other way around. And no, those brewers weren't willfully deceiving the public. Just adhering to a different set of conventions and consumer expectations.
You'll notice other points that conflict with modern usage. Like those 80/- Ales from 1947 with gravities around 1034º. The BJCP defines the gravity range as 1040º – 1054º. Yet more consumer fraud by those bastard brewers. Or perhaps a sign that definitions - at least those in drinkers' and brewers' minds - are ephemeral.
You'll see that same with 60/-. All the pre-war examples are way over the upper limit of 1035º imposed by the style definers. Though at least it as actually the type of beer they describe, a Pale Ale. Unlike modern 60/- which is Dark Mild.
The only beers that fit into modern styles are the last few. Those Special Exports squeeze in at the bottom of the modern idea of a Scottish Export. Probably more by coincidence than anything else.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)















