Showing posts sorted by relevance for query salvator. Sort by date Show all posts
Showing posts sorted by relevance for query salvator. Sort by date Show all posts

Saturday, 27 June 2009

Salvator Beer

Having obsessions is great fun. If you're a blogger. You never run out of things to write about. I hadn't mentioned Salvator for far too long. Perhaps a week or two. Time to revisit it.

The following is a potted history of Salvator taken from the rather odd magazine "Pure Products", published in New York.

"Salvator Beer.

The most celebrated beer specialty of Munich, which enjoys great popularity not only in the place of origin but also throughout the world, is the Salvator beer brewed at the Salvatorbiere brewery of the A.-G. Paulanerbrau.

As the origin of the name, "Salvator," and the history of the brewery which brews this beer are very interesting they deserve a little notice.

In 1651 the Paulist friars, for whom the Elector Maximillian of Bavaria had built a cloister near Munich in 1623, received from the Elector Ferdinand Maria permission to erect a brewery near the cloister and to brew beer for their own use. Later on they were given permission to sell their product during the feast of the Holy Father (Franz von Paula, April 2). This feast lasted 8 days; the populace of Munich used to go out to the cloister and drink the brew specially prepared for the occasion. This special beer was called '' Holy Father beer " or " Sankt Vaterbier,'' and was highly celebrated on account of its strength and fine flavor; the name "Sanakt Vaterbier" was later corrupted in popular speech to '' Salvatorbiere.'' It was customary for the Electoral Court to attend the feast, which in time came to be a national holiday. After the celebration of the feast in the church the brew was tapped and the first draught presented to the Elector; this custom survived down to recent times and even now the first draught of Salvator beer is sent to the Court.

When the cloisters were secularized in 1799, the Paulist cloister was discontinued; the brewery was taken over and operated by the State. The brewery, which was in a building separate from the cloister (which was first used as a field hospital and later as a penitentiary) was granted in 1803 to the Order of St. John, by which it was operated for a while. Later the brewer Zacherl leased and afterward acquired it by purchase; he also obtained the right to brew the Salvator beer and to sell it for a higher price than ordinary beer.

In the thirties of the last century Salvator beer was sold throughout Germany and exported to foreign countries, and was the first Bavarian beer to enter international commerce.

In 1849 the brewery was sold to the brothers Schmederer, and in 1886 became the property of a stock company. Of the old cloister brewery but little remains now, as the present brewery is thoroughly modern and up to date. It is interesting to note that Zacherl, who recently died, was the first to boil worts with steam.

The difference in composition between Salvator beer and the ordinary dark Bavarian beer consists chiefly in the more concentrated original wort (about 19 per cent.).. It is a low fermented beer, containing unfermented sugar and other carbohydrates; for this reason it has a sweeter taste. The ordinary Bavarian dark high kilned malts are used in its preparation; the process used at the Paulaner brewery is kept secret and other brewers find it difficult to produce beer of similar character. The trade in Salvator beer lasts only a few days, and forms but a small part of the business of the Paulaner Company.

During the feast of the Holy Father the chief place where Salvator beer is consumed is the so-called Salvatorkeller on the Nockerberg. On one day in 1906 18,000 persons visited the Salvatorkeller and consumed 19,200 liters of the beverage; on one day in 1908 the attendance was 7000 and 12,000 liters were consumed."
"Pure products" published by The Scientific Station for Pure Products, 1909, pages 326-327.

As an extra bonus, here's a selection of Munich Bocks from the last 150 years:


Tuesday, 30 June 2009

How Paulaner got a monopoly of Salvator

Salvator is the name of a brand of Doppelbock brewed by Paulaner (formerly Zacherl). But it wasn't always that way. Once Salvator was like Pilsener, the name of a type of beer. That was until Zacherl trademarked the name. Bastards. A bit like A-B with Budweiser. Their fellow brewers weren't best pleased.

"Gentlemen, you all know the beautiful gift of God that is called Salvatorbier; this beer is brewed by the joint-stock company Schmederer that is the fortunate owner of the Zacherlbrauerei in Munich. This company has recently submitted the trademark "Original Salvator" to the Reich Patent Office, has obtained a registration, and the objections of a whole number of other breweries, who also brew Salvatorbier, were ignored, yes, it has gone so far that the district court in Munich passed an injunction and seized the beer stocks of the other brewers and has started criminal proceedings against the directors of these breweries. Now, everyone who understands the brewing industry knows that the name Salvatorbier in no way implies origin from a specific brewery, but, just like Bockbier, is only a certain type of beer, a stronger type of beer, that is a specific sort. It's certainly reasonable for the Zacherl brewery to call its beer Zacherl-Bräu Salvator; but if officials allow a single brewery to register the name Original-Salvator, if courts punish those who use the designation and seize their stocks, it shows how little expertise the courts possess, and how necessary it is to protect them from such indefinite terms, as those found in the critical words of § l.

Gentlemen, I have information from another brewery in Munich, in which it is shown that in the year 1896 212 Munich publicans obtained their Salvator supplies from the Schwabinger Salvator-brewery, and that in the same year the Zacherlbrauerei only supplied 44 publicans with its Salvator. I have also here a very interesting list of about 30 breweries, which brew Salvator, not only in Munich but also elsewhere in Germany. There are, for instance, the following breweries, which for many years have brewed Salvatorbier and sold under that name: the Hellbrauerei in Passau since 1840, Schmeroldsche the brewery in Passau for 40 years, the Gablersche Brauerei in Nuremberg for 40 years, SSanderbrauerei in Würzburg for 15 years, the brewery of Gebrüder Geismann in Fürth for 12 years, Forsters Dampfbrauerei in Schwabach for 6 years, Pröl Ungers-Brauerei in Schwabach for 6 years, Kaiserslauterner Aktienbrauerei since 1874, Salvatorbrauerei Schrabing in Munich (formerly Petuel) since 1878, the Kronenbrauerei in Augsburg, the Spatenbrauerei, Hackerbrauerei, Thomasbrauerei, Bergbrauerei in Munich, Frankenbrauerei in Bamberg, the Brauerei von Roas in Neuburg near Passau, Gebrüder Lederer in Nuremberg, Evora in Fürth, Aktienbrauerei Meißner Felsenkeüer in Meißen, the Deiningersche Brauerei in Hof, Aachener Exportbrauerei, die Freiherrlich Sternburgsche Brauerei in Leipzig, the Brauerei von F. D. Benders Söhne in Kaiserslautern, the Anklamer Bergschloßbrauerei in Nienstedten, the Modische Brauerei in Lindenhoff etc. All these and many other breweries market a strong beer with the name "Salvatorbier", - and now comes the Zacherlbrauerei, which once, when there were still Zwangs- und Bannrechte, got permission from the Bavarian government to call a particular beer Salvator to call it - the word originally meant Sankt-Vater-Bier - and demands with administrative help a monopoly over a certain beer type. This can happen because the authorities have so little technical insight."
"Die Bekämpfung des unlauteren Wettbewerbs" by Adolf Lobe, 1907, pages 372-374

Nothying new under the sun, is there? The reaction of other brewers was to think up other names with the suffix -ator. WHich is why we have such great names as Triumphator, Bajuvato, Bambergator, Terminator, etc. So I guess Zacherl's shady dealings were neither that successful nor totally bad for the drinker.

Thursday, 12 June 2008

Salvator

The Summer of Hate, sorry, Summer of Lager continues with a look at Salvator. One of the most famous beeers of the 19th century. Today, it's a trademark of Paulaner, but back then it was used as a generic term for all Doppelbocks.

Because of its fame, I've plenty of hard evidence about Salvator. I collect numbers. I can't help it. Occasionally, like now, it does come in handy. If I weren't such a saddo, I wouldn't all the fascinating figures with which I'm about to regale you. So don't mock me.


The first data I have comes from the 1850's. The beer was brewed by Zacherl, the forerunner of Paulaner, so it's the real deal. It has a massive OG of 23.5º Balling (approx. 1095), but a relatively puny alcohol content of just over 6% ABV. Let's be honest, the attenuation is crap. Less than 50% apparent. With an FG higher than the OG of most beers today, it must have been pretty thick and sweet. No wonder they used it as a meal substitute.

The 1858 version (not sure if it's from Paulaner or another Munich brewery) has a substantially lower gravity (19.8º Balling, or around 1080) , but almost as high an ABV (5.74%). As a consequence, the apparent attenuation has increased from a pathetic 46% to a still unimpressive 53%.

By 1870, the gravity has dropped further, to 18.5º Balling (approx 1074), but the ABV has remained about the same (5.64%). Apparent attenuation has again increased and is 56%.

Unfortunately for me, I have no idea which breweries the 1930's samples come from. However, the first in the list looks rather like a Doppelbock to me. Assuming that it is, we can see a further slight reduction in the OG (17.99º Balling, approx 1072), but a similar ABV (5.8%). Consequently, apparent attenuation is up to 60%.

Finally we see the present incarnation of Salvator. This has a much higher alcohol contente - 7.5% ABV - than any of the older versions. Which has a big impact on the apparent attenuation, which is now a respectable 75%.

So how does modern Salvator compare with the 19th century versions? It has a 22% lower OG, but a 25% higher ABV. The difference in body is enormous. The FG in the 1850's was more than double what it is now. To sum up, modern Salvator is less full-bodied, less sweet and sticky, but more alcoholic.

Another difference is the colour. Though I don't have enough numbers to do a precise analysis, I know from personal observation that Salvator has become paler over the last 15 years. And generally pretty crap, but that's a subjective opinion.

I suppose I should try and dig out an old description of Salvator brewing. My guess would be that the 19th-century method was a triple decoction Dickmeisch. If you've been paying attention you should know all about that. Don't tell me you've forgotten already? Really.


(Published as part of my one-interesting-to-one-boring_post initiative.)

Friday, 6 May 2016

Canadian Lagers in 1909

I couldn’t leave these analyses unused. If only for my own peace of mind.

Plus there haven’t been that many tables here of late. Or much about Lager. Seems like several birds are being taken out by a single missile.

I was most intrigued by two beers called Salvador. Especially as both have very modest gravities, far away from Doppelbock levels. Evidently one of the brewers at Reinhardt had worked at Zacherl, which does imply that there was some connection between Salvador and Salvator. I’d love to know what colour Salvador was.

Because if it wasn’t dark, then it would have bugger all in common with the Salvator brewed in Munich. Some of those have an OG double that of the weaker Salvador. And while the average attenuation for the Munich beers is under 60%, both the Canadian beers are over 70%.

Which leaves me wondering: was Salvador originally similar to Salvator but changed over the years? Or was it always very different, basically using the name and little else from the original? We may never know.

Having said that, many of the OG’s look low compared to European Lagers. Pilsners were usually in the range 1048-1050º, Lagerbier over 1050º and Export over 1055º. About the only exception were the Schenkbiers sold in Austria-Hungary which were in the low 1040º’s. Virtually none of the Canadian Lagers is over 1050º. A couple that are on the stronger side – the two called Budweiser – I suspect were really imported Ameriucan beers.

I saw a similar pattern with Canadian Ales, which, while stronger than the Lagers, were also mostly weaker than their British equivalents. Was this generally the rule, I wonder, that Canadian beers were slightly weaker than elsewhere? Let me know if you have the answer.


Canadian Lagers in 1909
Brewer Town Beer Style Price size OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation
Reinhardt & Co. Toronto Bavarian Dunkles 15c bottle 1048.1 1011 5.39 77.13%
Beauport Brewing Co. Quebec Lager Beer Lager 10c bottle 1036.2 1003.3 4.63 90.88%
The Korman Brewery, Ltd. Toronto Perfecto Lager 15c bottle 1037 1005.1 4.56 86.22%
Bajus Brewery Lager Beer Lager 15c bottle 1037.3 1010 3.90 73.19%
O. Archambault Iberville Salvador Lager 13.3c bottle 1038.4 1011.4 3.83 70.31%
Holliday East Kent Lager Lager 8.33c bottle 1039.3 1009.4 4.27 76.08%
Carling Brewing & Malting London, Ont. Lager Beer Lager 15c bottle 1040 1011.4 4.05 71.50%
Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co. Victoria, BC Lager Beer Lager 15c quart 1040.7 1012.7 4.05 68.80%
O'Keefe's Ltd. Toronto Lager Beer Lager 15c bottle 1041.6 1009.8 4.49 76.44%
Cosgrove Brewing Co. Toronto Lager Beer Lager 10c bottle 1041.8 1015.7 3.76 62.44%
The Capital Brewing & Malting Co. Ottawa Capital Ale Lager 5.83c pint 1042 1009.6 4.71 77.14%
C.H. Harther Hamilton Lager Beer Lager 11c bottle 1042.7 1013.1 4.20 69.32%
Carling Brewing & Malting London, Ont. Lager Beer Lager 11.67c bottle 1042.7 1014.6 4.05 65.81%
L. Chapot Fils & Cie. Montreal Blue Ribbon Lager 20c bottle 1043.1 1017.5 3.69 59.40%
Carling Brewing & Malting Ottawa Canada Club Lager 10c pint 1043.1 1014.7 4.05 65.89%
Strathcona Brewing & Malting Co. Strathcona Lager Beer Lager 16.67c quart 1043.4 1011 4.56 74.65%
Union Brewing Ltd. Montreal Lager Beer Lager 11.33c bottle 1043.9 1012.6 4.42 71.30%
Kuntz & Co. Waterloo Lager Beer Lager 11.67c bottle 1043.9 1016.4 3.90 62.64%
Victoria Phoenix Brewing Co. Victoria, BC Lager Beer Lager 16.67c quart 1044.5 1011.5 4.63 74.16%
Reinhardt & Co. Toronto Salvador Lager 10c bottle 1044.9 1009 5.00 79.96%
Blackwood Ltd. Winnipeg Lager Beer Lager pint 1044.9 1015 4.27 66.59%
Lethbridge Brewing & Malting Co. Lethbridge Lager Beer Lager 16.67c quart 1044.9 1016.1 4.12 64.14%
The Moosejaw Brewing & Malting Co., Ltd. Winnipeg Lager Beer Lager pint 1045.1 1018 3.90 60.09%
James Ready, Ltd Fairville, St. John N.B. Lager Beer Lager 13.3c bottle 1045.2 1010.1 4.93 77.65%
Golden West Brewing Co. Calgary Lager Beer Lager 16.67c quart 1045.4 1013.7 4.49 69.82%
McDonagh & Shea Winnipeg Lager Beer Lager pint 1045.5 1014.4 4.42 68.35%
Reinhardt & Co. Toronto Lager Beer Lager 15c bottle 1046.3 1007.8 5.39 83.15%
Calgary Brewing & Malting Co. Calgary Lager Beer Lager 16.67c quart 1046.6 1015.7 4.34 66.31%
Canadian Breweries Ltd Montreal Ekerts Lager 8.33c bottle 1046.8 1010.1 4.63 78.42%
Kuntz & Co. Waterloo Lager Beer Lager 10c bottle 1046.8 1016.1 4.27 65.60%
George Patry Quebec Lager Beer Lager 15c bottle 1047.4 1019.2 4.12 59.49%
H. Kuntz Hamilton Lager Beer Lager 10.67c bottle 1047.6 1017.2 4.34 63.87%
The Union Brewery Ltd. Montreal Kuntz Lager 20c bottle 1047.9 1015.8 4.49 67.01%
G.E. Amyot Quebec B.B. Lager 13.3c bottle 1048 1012.4 5.00 74.17%
The Hamilton Brewing Association, Ltd. Hamilton Regal Lager 20c bottle 1048.4 1015.4 4.63 68.18%
Edmonton Brewing & Malting Co. Edmonton Lager Beer Lager 16.67c quart 1048.4 1015.1 4.71 68.80%
G.E. Amyot Quebec Lager Beer Lager 10c bottle 1050 1011.5 5.39 77.00%
George Patry Quebec Lager Beer Lager 15c bottle 1051.2 1013.3 5.32 74.02%
G.E. Amyot Quebec Lager Beer Lager 11.67c bottle 1051.7 1012 5.55 76.79%
Vancouver Breweries. Ltd. Vancouver Cascade Lager 13.33c quart 1052.2 1016.2 5.00 68.97%
Vancouver Breweries. Ltd. Vancouver Cascade Lager 16.67c quart 1055 1015.3 5.55 72.18%
Average 1044.8 1013.0 4.49 71.17%
O'Keefe's Ltd. Toronto Pilsener Pilsner 10c pint 1039.6 1008.6 4.42 78.28%
O'Keefe's Ltd. Toronto Pilsener Pilsner 15c bottle 1041 1007.5 4.85 81.71%
The National Breweries, Ltd. Montreal Ekers Bohemian Pilsner 8.33c bottle 1043.4 1012.5 4.42 71.20%
L. Chapot Fils & Cie. Montreal Budweiser Pilsner 25c bottle 1049.8 1015.3 4.85 69.28%
Copeland Brewing Co., Ltd. Toronto Budweiser Pilsner 15c bottle 1050.4 1012.4 5.24 75.40%
Average 1044.8 1011.3 4.76 75.17%
Reinhardt & Sons Montreal Vienna Vienna Lager 10c bottle 1037.1 1006.5 4.71 82.48%
Source:
"Ale and lager beer" by McGill, A. (Anthony), 1910, pages 4 - 19.


Munich Salvator 1869 - 1914
Year Brewer Beer Style OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation
1869 Zacherl Salvator Bock 1065.7 1022 5.63 66.51%
1890 Hackerbräu Salvator Bock 1071.6 1030.3 5.32 57.68%
1890 Münchener Salvator Bock Bock 1073.2 1028 5.80 61.72%
1890 Zacherlbräu Salvator Bock 1074.7 1033.9 5.25 54.63%
1890 Salvatorbräu Salvator Bock 1075.9 1034.2 5.37 54.94%
1890 Spatenbräu Salvator Bock 1076.7 1040.6 4.62 47.05%
1898 Zacherl Salvator Bock 1077.1 1029.9 6.10 61.22%
1914 Paulaner Salvator Doppelbock 1071.2 1033.5 4.7 51.27%
Average 1073.3 1031.6 5.35 56.88%
Sources:
"British Medical Journal" March 6th 1869, page 218
"Handbuch der chemischen technologie" by Otto Dammer, Rudolf Kaiser, 1896, pages 696-697
"Brockhaus' konversations-lexikon, Band 2" by F.A. Brockhaus, 1898 
"Beer from the Expert's Viewpoint" by Arnold Spencer Wahl and Robert Wahl, 1937, page 168.

Sunday, 30 December 2012

Café Marie, Amsterdam

It was a sad day when De Beiaard on Marie Heinekenplein (the square hacked from the old Heineken brewery site) closed.That blow has been softeened to some extent by half of its former premises opening as a German pub, Café Marie.

Or German café. With its kitsch lightshades and homely wallpaper, it comes obver moreas a café than a pub. Despite the long pine tables and benches. Who exactly is their target market? I contemplated this as I sat nursing a glass of Salvator whiile Mike got money from a cash machine.

The strüdels and Sachertorte definitely say café to me. But what about the beer? Amstel and Paulaner Hefeweizen on draught, plus one guest tap. Which when I was there was dispensing Salvator. I asked for Dunkles, but was given a glass of Salvator. The lass serving didn't know the difference, which was slightly worrying. As she was pleasant and pretty, I let it pass.

Bottled they've got Paulaner Dunkel, Salavator and another wheat beer. Edelweiss, as German stuff. Plus a handful of  't Ij beers and La Chouffe.

Getting back to Salvator. It looks paler every time I drink it. Which is one reason it was surprising that the waitress confused it with Dunkles. It's now barely darker enough to count as an Amber Bock, let alone a Doppelbock. Look at the colour in the photo. Would you call that dark.

Salvator has turned into a bit of a syrupy mess, sadly. I wish someone would brew a 19th-century version. Not so alcoholic and full of foody goodness. And much darker. I should make it a project. What to call it, though, as Salvator is trademarked? What about Zacherl Doppelbock? There would be a nice irony in that.



Café Marie Amsterdam
Marie Heinekenplein 5,
1072 MH Amsterdam.
Tel: 020 – 22 32 096
http://www.cafemarie.nl/

Monday, 23 November 2009

Salvator again

Obsessions are wonderful things. I always have something to talk about. It's time to return to an old favourite, Salvator.

That retired diplomat again. How I love the early days of the German Empire. Gründerzeit, that's what the Germans call it. (What a wonderful way with words the Germans have: Schadenfreude, Frühschoppen and Gründerzeit. Great, great words all.)

"But there is still another beer in Munich which makes its appearance but once a year (in the spring) and is sold only for a short number of days,—it is even stronger than the bock,—the Salvator beer.

To a certain extensive garden, high up on the right bank of the Isar, from which a beautiful view of the city is had, there is every year a pilgrimage of all Munichers. It seems as if a world's fair were being held. Close streams of people, men, women and children, people of all ranks and of every station in life, pour in from all directions, and the garden and the immense halls, and even the street adjoining, are swarming with drinkers. It is a hard fight of many minutes, duration before one can get to the various counters where the beer is tapped. It is a hard fight in the first place to secure an empty mug. The crowding and the shoving is almost intolerable, and yet the Munich man stands it bravely and good-naturedly; the prize rewards him for all the inconvenience he has in getting it. The thing must he seen, it cannot be described.

Salvator beer is the invention of the Paulian monks, who brewed this beer with special care at all their convents under the name of Holy Father beer, and they commenced drinking it on the second of April, the feast of the Holy Father. When the order was disbanded, the brewing of this beer ceased at all places except Munich. Their brewery in the Au (a suburb of Munich) was sold to a citizen brewer, who kept on making the brewage, faithfully adhering to the original receipt, to the great delectation of all Munichers. But at that time the Bavarian law did not permit the brewing of any beer either weaker or stronger than the established norm (the brewing of bock was a government privilege). The government for a long time closed its eyes to this one particular brewery. The government officials were themselves evidently fond of Salvator. Later, when it was found the law must take its course, a daily fine of fifty florins was imposed, as long as he sold the beer, on the now rich brewer. He paid the fine and laughed in his sleeve. But as the evading of the law on such conditions was, withal, of precarious tenure, the brewer was advised to make a direct petition to King Ludwig the First to secure his privilege. His petition was successful. The king granted him the right, and at the same time the monopoly of forever brewing the Holy Father beer on the site of the former Paulian Convent brewery.
"
"Consular Reminiscences" by By G. Henry Horstmann, pages 334-335.

There will probably be more from this fascinating book tomorrow. Maybe the bit about the total number of breweries in Europe. What do you think?

Monday, 20 July 2009

Bohemian Salvator

Thanks to Evan Rail for pointing this one out to me. It's an advert from 1891 for various Prague breweries. The interesting bit is the U Medvídků ad. "We recommend the beer brewed according to the Munich method, 'Salvator'" is what it says.

So Zacherl really were taking the piss when they trademarked Salvator. It was already a style brewed internationally. I wonder how they got away with it?

You can read more about the lost breweries of Prague in Evan's original post.

Now that U Medvídků has a brewery again, Should they consider brewing a Salvator? When did Zacherl get the trademark? After 1891, I'm sure. (I really should be able to provide the exact date here. But my tea is already on the table and it's best to eat with the whole family. Like the Simpsons.)

Who would win in court? "The one with the most money!" You're a cynical lot.

Monday, 8 December 2014

American bottom-fermenting styles in the 1930’s (part two)

We’re back again with the Wahls’ book from the 1930’s and its handy description of American styles of the day.

You may have heard of this style of Pale Lager from Central Europe:

“The Bohemian type of lager beer with a light yellow to greenish yellow color with pronounced hop flavor and bitter taste; the malt flavor in this beer is not pronounced; it is usually lively and sparkling; alcoholic content is 3.0 to 3.5 per cent by weight, from worts of about 12 per cent original extract; typical of Bohemian beer is the Pilsener from the city of Pilsen (Plzen) in Bohemia, and also the much favored mild American extra pale beers.”
"Beer from the Expert's Viewpoint" by Arnold Spencer Wahl and Robert Wahl, 1937, page 151.

It’s clear that Pilsener didn’t have the dominant position it later acquired. Though I’ll warn again that the information looks a bit dated to me and doesn’t necessarily reflect the true situation in the late 1930’s.

 I don’t have any analyses of US Pilseners from the 1930’s, but I do have a few German and Czech ones:

German and Czech Pilsener in the 1930's
Year Brewer country Acidity FG OG colour ABV App. Atten-uation OG Plato ABW
1930 Pilsner Urquell Czech 1015.1 1049.8 0.69 4.46 68.71% 12.37 3.57
1935 Pilsner Urquell Czech 0.05 1013.8 1049.4 4.62 72.06% 12.28 3.69
1930 average of 12 samples Germany 1013.2 1051.5 0.65 4.93 73.34% 12.79 3.94
1930 strongest sample Germany 1017.6 1054.8 0.81 4.29 66.67% 13.56 3.43
1930 weakest sample Germany 1009.7 1049.6 0.59 5.10 79.58% 12.34 4.08
1935 Schultheiss Patzenhofer Germany 0.05 1009 1049.8 5.32 81.93% 12.38 4.26
Sources:
"Van Brouwerij tot Bierglas" by F. Kurris, Doetinchem, 1948, pages 26-27
Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/001.

An OG of around 12º Plato doesn’t seem far off the mark, but the ABW does. 3.5% to 4% would appear more accurate. The “much favoured” comment implies that very pale and mild Lagers were very popular in the USA. Which, despite the inroads of IPA, is still the case.

Now it’s the turn of one of the early favourites of the bottom-fermenting world, Vienna Lager:

“The Vienna type of lager beer has less pronounced character than either Muenchener or Pilsener types. In point of color, hop and malt aroma, smooth and bitter taste, it takes a place between these two types; alcoholic content of about 3.5 to 3.75 per cent by weight, from worts of about 13 per cent original extract, so named from Vienna (Wien); the most representative product coming from Klein-Schwechat — a suburb of Vienna where Anton Dreher introduced ice cooling of cellars in 1845.”
"Beer from the Expert's Viewpoint" by Arnold Spencer Wahl and Robert Wahl, 1937, pages 151 - 152.

Not having any analyses, I can’t comment as to the accuracy of the gravity and ABW quoted. Though it would be hard to generalise in any case because a brewery like Schwechat produced a range of styles with differing strengths.

“The Dortmunder type of lager beer with a very light color like Pilsener from long grown low kiln dried malt; a strong, very pronounced hop flavor; highly and completely attenuated; alcoholic content about 4 to 4.5 per cent by weight, from worts usually of 14.5 per cent original extract; it originated in Dortmund, near the Rhine in Westphalia.”
"Beer from the Expert's Viewpoint" by Arnold Spencer Wahl and Robert Wahl, 1937, page 152.

Let’s see how that stacks up with some real examples:

German Dortmunder Export in the 1930's
Year Brewer OG FG colour ABV App. Atten-uation OG Plato ABV ABW
1930 average of 14 samples 1054 1012.2 0.73 5.39 76.44% 13.37 5.39 4.31
1930 strongest sample 1057.16 1014.3 0.84 5.58 73.85% 14.11 5.58 4.47
1930 weakest sample 1051.21 1009.4 0.66 5.08 80.88% 12.71 5.08 4.06
Source:
"Van Brouwerij tot Bierglas" by F. Kurris, Doetinchem, 1948, pages 26-27

Once again, the gravity quoted is a bit too high – 13.5º Plato would seem more accurate – though the ABW is about spot on. The attenuation is pretty high, as the book says. Even higher than for Pilseners, which is surprising. Note the colour is pretty much the same as the Pilseners.

Now some other dark Bavarian styles:

“Nurnberger and Wurzburger beers are somewhat darker than Muenchener and slightly heavier brewed. Kulmbacher beer is very dark, almost black, and brewed to 16 per cent original extract with over 4.5 per cent alcohol by weight. Maerzen beer is brewed in November but comes out in March in the Lenten season.   Salvator beers are lighter in color than Muenchener but brewed as strong and stored for months.   Bock beer is somewhat stronger than Muenchener and comes out around Christmas and like Maerzen is given long storage. Its name is not derived from the horned Billy goat usually depicted on advertisement posters but from the brewery of Einbeck near Hamburg. The American lager beers are generally patterned after these typical German beers. The season for Bock beer in America is the month of March.”
"Beer from the Expert's Viewpoint" by Arnold Spencer Wahl and Robert Wahl, 1937, page 152.

Great to have some more details of Kulmbacher. It sounds like a very dark Bock, based on that gravity.

I’m sure he’s wrong about Salvator. It definitely wasn’t a similar strength to ordinary Münchener and I doubt it was paler in colour, seeing as it had a similar grist but higher gravity. Why it’s not mentioned as being a kind of stronger Bock, I just don’t understand. And surely it was Salvator for Lent, not Märzen?

Finally, the USA’s own indigenous Lager style:

“California Steam Beer. This type of beer became popular in San Francisco. It is not a lager beer inasmuch as the brew is run directly from the fermenter into the trade packages (barrels). Krausen is then added to the beer in the trade package and the barrels are bunged and delivered to the taverns and placed on racks where fermentation is completed. At the time of kräusening isinglass is also added which aided in clarification during the short storage upon the tavern's racks. This beer is produced by bottom fermentation yeast and when drawn into the stein is very wild because of the high pressure developed in the barrel, the stein being nearly full with foam. This beer has been evidently brewed for this effect, the customers desiring this particular foamy character.”
"Beer from the Expert's Viewpoint" by Arnold Spencer Wahl and Robert Wahl, 1937, pages 152 - 153.

There are some handy details there. Racking directly from the fermenter into trade casks is definitely an unusual way to brew a bottom-fermenting beer. It sounds similar in some ways to the American “present use” Ales of the late 19th century which also had a lot of pressure in the trade cask. Kräusening and adding isinglass at the same time – it’s the sort of mix of British and German brewing practices you only really see in North America.

Next time it will be the turn of the top-fermenting styles.