Thursday, 22 August 2019

Seoul day one

Our flight to Seoul isn’t until 13:55. We’re not in a huge rush.

Just as well. Andrew isn't a morning person. A right grumpy trousers, actually. He perks up around 6 PM, usually. Or the fifth beer. Whichever comes sooner.

Outside it’s still boiling hot. Thankfully we flag down a cab almost immediately and escape into its air-conditioned loveliness.

We’re headed for Nippori station, from which we’ll get a fast train to the airport. It’s hot and crowded in the station.

“Hurry up and get the tickets, Dad.” The heat is making Andrew impatient again.

“I’m going as fast as I can.” I’m not feeling that great, either. I want to get into the airconditioned part of the station as quickly as possible.

The train is wonderfully cool as it whizzes us through the tangled and confused suburbs of Tokyo, then the emerald-green paddy fields beyond. As with most new airports in the world, it’s miles out of town. The journey from the centre takes around an hour. With hardly any stops and rattling along like crazy.

A lot of escalators need to be overcome to get to departures at Nerita.

“We should have taken the lift, kids.”

“It’s a bit late for that now.” Andrew says as we crest the final one of the set. Bit like taking a narrow boat up a set of locks. Except with much less water. Other than the sweat that’s still streaming down Andrew’s back.

Our bags are soon whizzing away down the belt and we’re queueing up at security. Which we’re through in a jiffy.

“Hurry up and get in the queue, Dad.” Says Andrew when we get to immigration.

“Pay attention, Dad. Do you have our passports?” Alexei says with an amount of concern in his voice.

“Course I do. And the boarding passes.”

“Well don’t lose them.”

I feel pretty shit and mostly doze on the plane. Picking a little at the meal provided, not even having an alcoholic drink, just orange juice.

Once through immigration, we look to see where we get the train.

“I think it’s over there, Dad.” And so it is. Great having two extra pairs of eyes for spotting stuff.

“You’re so dozy, sometimes, Dad.” Despite the nasty things the attached mouths say.

The train is much like the one between Tokyo and Nerita: fast, modern and extremely well air conditioned. Thankfully.

The airport is out on an island and the early part of the journey is on a causeway crossing a river estuary. Goats graze on an embankment, ignoring the train hurtling past just a few metres away. The journey takes even linger than in Tokyo, it takes around an hour. The airport is a long way out.

We get off at Seoul station. Another stunningly simple name for a station in a megapolis. The platforms seem about a kilometre down. We take several massive escalators before we emerge at ground level.

“Looks like the station was built to double up as a nuclear shelter. Like in Washington DC.”

“Shut up, Dad and get on with finding a taxi. It’s boiling hot and I don’t feel like chatting.” What a miserable git Andrew can be at times.

It's boiling hot outside. Just as we exit an old woman gives Alexei a paper fan. That’s nice of her. 

There’s a taxi rank right outside the station. But it’s hard to work out which is the start, and which the end, of the queue. There are a couple of minutes of confusion, while Andrew gets hotter, sweatier and more irritated. Finally we work it out and get in a cab.

We've just been showing the taxi driver the printed out names and addresses for our hotels. This one doesn't seem to be able to read Latin script, something I hadn’t anticipated. He rings up his office and has Alexei read out the address for a woman to interpret. It takes a few minutes. A few worrying minutes.

But eventually the driver understands and off we speed. Well speed, as much as the traffic will allow. We roll up to our hotel just before dusk. It’s still crazily hot. The walk from kerb to hotel door is enough to get Andrew sweating like a tap turned full on.


“Look, dad. There’s a shop on the ground floor.” Andrew observes as we approach the lift to go up a floor to check in. “That’s dead handy.”

The hotel is pretty nice, with decent-sized rooms. My room has a really good view of the city. Just opposite there's a tangled web of tiny streets. We’ll be investigating those tomorrow. Most importantly the air-conditioning is dead good.

After taking 20 minutes to catch their breath and fill buckets with their wiped off sweat, the kids rat-a-tat-tat on my door.

“Your view is much better than ours.”

“That’s because they knew I was the father and you two the kids. Of course they’d give me the room with the better view.”

“Fuck off, Dad.” Alexei has such a way with words. His Dutch swearing is pretty impressive, too. "You know that’s bullshit. Why do you say that crap?”

“Let’s go to the shop.” Andrew proposes sensibly.

“Fair enough by me. I could do with some more booze.”

“Dad, I meant to get food.”

“Of course. Though I’m putting money on you picking up some beer. Especially as they don’t have Strong Zero here.”

The downstairs shop is quite small, but has  all the essentials, beer, crisps, sandwiches, soju and sausages on sticks.

“It looks like a corn dog.” Andrew opines.

“I want one, whatever it is.” Typical of Alexei. Always up for something new.

I’m drawn to one particular section at the back.

“Do you think this is soju, Andrew?”

“Looks like it to me, based on the type of bottle.”

“How strong is it, though? I can’t see the ABV on the label.”

“It’s on the cap. Looking for the strongest one again?” Andrew is such a cynic.

“No, just trying to be responsible by being aware of the strength of what I’m drinking.”

“Pff!”

“That’s exactly the noise your Mum often makes in reply to me. I think it means, ‘yes, that’s exactly right, Ronald.’”

“Yeah, right.”

“Do you think I should get three or four bottles of soju?”

“Dad, don’t go crazy.” Alexei is such a worrier.

Back upstairs we chill awhile in the kids’ room.

“What’s your sausage on a stick like?"

"Good. Not a corn dog, though. Just like a bockworst. Except on a stick."

What is this thing about German-style sausages in Japan and South Korea?


We watch some Korean TV.  We stumble on an incomprehensible programme that just seems to be a middle-aged bloke eating in a fast food restaurant. That really is pretty much the whole plot. Eating in great detail and with great relish. Though it’s not a Korean: it’s in Japanese and on a Japanese channel.

“What the fuck is this? Can you look it up on your phone, Lexxie?”

“OK. What should I search for?

"How about ‘Man eating food in Tokyo?’”

"Found it." That was quick.
 
"It’s called The Lonely Gourmet and is based on a manga."

A weirdly hypnotising programme, once you get past the oddness of the concept.

At the end of each episode someone, whom I assume is the writer of the manga, goes to the same restaurant and eats. Genius.

Which gets me thinking. Maybe I could do a series called "Lonely Pisshead" where I wander around aimlessly in the same way, but instead of stuffing my face, I knock back a few. I could easily show as much joy in consumption. Possibly even more. I'm that good an actor.

The soju is going down nicely. Just as well I went for five bottles. I assumed the kids would nick at least one.

Predicting things like that is one of the reasons I’m such a good father.

Wednesday, 21 August 2019

Tokyo day two

I didn’t sleep that great. Getting a traditional hotel room seemed a good idea at the time. But sleeping on just a thin mattress isn’t good for my old bones. My hips were aching like crazy by the morning.

We nip over to the 7 11 opposite for some bits and bobs. There really are a lot of little shops. That stay open all hours. And sell beer and whisky and all that good stuff.

Andrew is on Strong Zero, mind. He’d heard about it and was keen to try it. I think because of the price to strength ratio.

“What’s it like?” I ask.

“An alcopop. Not really like it’s alcoholic at all.”

“Not like you then.”

“Very funny, Dad. And you can talk."

He already seems hooked on the stuff.

I deliberately booked hotels close to stations. There’s one not more than 50 metres from our hotel. Meaning despite the heat, we can walk there and survive. It’s really effing hot today.

“Hurry up dad. We don’t want to stand around in this heat any longer than we need to.” Andrew is uncomfortable.

“Stop with the stupid photos, Dad.”  Alexei just aggressive.


Plan is to take a train to Tokyo station, have a look at the Imperial Palace, then go to Craft Beer Bar iBrew. Which you can probably guess is a craft beer pub. The kids found it for me, bless them. Though Andrew does seem to have got a taste for IPA on our US trip last year. He quite often orders one.


It’s hot. Did I mention that? The station is huge and full of people milling around. And this is Sunday afternoon.

“I’m feeling really hot, Dad. Can we go to the pub first?” Andrew asks.

“Ooh, I don’t know about that. We wouldn’t want to miss out on the cultural stuff.”

“Stop pissing around. You always want to go to the pub.”

“OK, you’ve twisted my arm.”

We’re using a map on Alexei’s phone to navigate. It isn’t far. Just a couple of hundred metres of what appear to be shopping streets. Should be a piece of piss to find.


We overshoot by several streets. Walking past fancy shops packed with eager consumers. None of that Sunday closing crap here. Though some of the small food places are closed.

“We have to go back that way.” Alexie suggests.

“Just get on with it. I’m burning up here.” Andrew really doesn’t look good.

We’re pretty sure that we’ve located the right street. But where the hell is the pub? We walk up and down the street a couple of times. No luck.

“You look terrible, Andrew. Let’s nip in that shop and get cold drinks.”

After loitering a while in the air-conditioned shop, we find a bench and drink our drinks in the shade. It helps a bit.

We stumble back down along the street one last time.

“Look, Dad! That’s it.” Alexei has always been good at spotting stuff.

The pub is remarkably well hidden. I wonder they get any trade at all. Or perhaps they just don’t like strangers.


It’s tiny inside, but we manage to find seats. You could, perhaps, if they all liked each other very much, squeeze in 20 customers. But they still do food.

The beer list is small, just 10 draught beers. I’d be suspicious if it were longer. No way you could manage any more in a place this small.

“What do you fancy, lads?”

“Leitungswassser Kölsch.” Andrew says, quick as a flash.

“Me, too.”

“I’m assuming big ones.”

“What do you think, Dad?”

A big one being 46ml, for 745 yen. Not that unreasonable for bag in the centre of town.


I have a 7HOP DIPA. Because I need some alcohol in me and that’s the strongest beer on the list.

“I see you’ve gone for the strongest beer, Dad.”

“That’s just a coincidence.” I lie. “Anyway, it’s weaker than your Strong Zero.”

“Can I have some food?” Alexei asks. He’s the only one of us who’s hungry. The heat really take away my appetite. And Andrew’s.

He orders a portion of sashimi. It looks very good, but I couldn’t face a bite. I do have room for some more beer, mind.

“I think I’ll have another DIPA. What about you, Andrew?”

“I’ll have a Hazy IPA.”

“A sludge beer, you mean?”

“Don’t be so negative, Dad.”

It’s dark and a little cooler when we leave. Trailing back to the station past brightly-lit exotic facades. Tokyo station is still mobbed. Odd that a city this size has a station simply called Tokyo.


We need to change trains at Ueno. It’s quite a large station and confusing as to which line we should take. We seem to go a long way without coming to our station.

“I don’t remember this from the way out, Andrew. I think we’ve taken the wrong train.”

“I think you’re right.”

We have to backtrack to Ueno, where we get the correct train. Still, it’s not as if it’s hot or anything.

We get back to the hotel a little sweaty, but still alive and in relatively good condition. Especially once back a room with some refreshments.

I finish the day with a little hotel whisky. Andrew and Alexei with more Strong Zero. Alexei seems to have got a taste for it as well. What has become of them?

We don’t stay up too late. We’re flying to Seoul tomorrow.




Craft Beer Bar iBrew

104-0028 Tōkyō-to,
Chuo City,
Yaesu,
2-chōme−11−7
Tel: +81 3-3281-6221
Open 13:00 - 23:00

Tuesday, 20 August 2019

Tokyo bound

“Daad, can you stop taking pictures?”

“But I need them for the blog, Lexxie. I always struggle with photos for the start of a trip.”

“We haven’t even got on the bus yet. Can’t you wait? And shut up about your stupid blog.”

“No, Alexei. I need to snap a little or the start of the post will be all text. And people are lazy bastards. Lots of text puts them off. Without photos my blog would be stupid.”

“We need to be ready for when the bus comes.”


The alternate bus route is the one we have to take again, kicking off with a number 62 rather than number 15, changing at Olympic Stadium rather than Haarlemmermeerstation.

I take a few more pictures at Olympic Stadium.

“Dad, can you really stop with all the photographing shit. We have a bus to catch.”

“We’ve a good eight minutes before it comes. Loads of time.”


This is starting well. Not even got to the airport and the kids are already whinging.

There’s no bus catching drama. I’ve taken enough snaps minutes before the bus arrives. I don’t why they’re getting all anxious. I’ve more luggage than they do.

The airport isn’t too mobbed. It is a Friday in the holiday season, after all. Though I’m pretty much insured against that now, what with having pushing in boarding. As long as I fly with KLM or one of their partners.

“Our flight leaves from pier E. Do you know what that means, lads?”

“Yes, dad. That we can go to the Irish pub. We were here just a couple of weeks ago, remember?”

First, though we make a quick detour to the duty free. Where I buy the cheapest malt whisky I can find.


We can’t get our usual seats close to the entrance and have to use one of the tables in the rather murky interior. One thing remains the same: our order. Pints of cider for the kids, a half of Murphy’s Stout and a double Jamesons, no ice, for me.

“Do you want another pint, boys?”

“Yes, dad. But I know you only ask because you want another whiskey. Don’t go crazy with that. We don’t want you getting drunk before we get on the plane.”

Lexxie is really like my Mum, sometimes. I only ever intended having the two, anyway. I’m not totally irresponsible. Though Dolores might argue with me on that point.

We don’t have three seats together, though that’s how the plane is configured. Dolores insisted that we got at least one emergency exit seat so the kids (or at least one of them) could have more legroom. Alexei is the lucky boy, with me and Andrew one row back. I’m consigned to the middle seat. Something I’d usually avoid. The sacrifices I make for my children.


A very quiet middle-aged Japanese bloke is sitting in the window seat. Which is a good thing, as he’s quite small. Not a big fat bastard like me. Two me-sized people next to each other would have been a tight fit.

I watch a film until the meal is served. As soon as that’s done – and I’ve downed a couple of red wines – it’s time to get my head down. Which works out remarkably well. Pretty soon I’m spark out, which was the idea.

At least for a while. I’m awoken by someone poking my arm. It’s Andrew. “Dad, you’re leaning on the man next to you.” That’s slightly embarrassing. I lean on Andrew instead. “Dad, just stick to your own seat.”

Soon I’m slumbering again. Only awaking when it’s time for the final meal of the flight. Perfect. The flight has gone dead quickly. The kids haven’t been quite as successful in their sleeping attempts.

For some reason, at immigration in Japan you have to be checked twice. Can’t see the point in that and it just slows things up. They do let all three of us in. Which is a good thing.

Immigration passed to pick up our bags – which arrive wonderfully quickly.

“I need to get some money, kids. Can you see a cash machine anywhere?”

“Over there day. Are you blind? You’re really getting worse.”

50,000 yen to the better, I distribute the money around the three of us.

“Best you kids have at least some local cash in case you get lost.”

“It’s more likely you’ll wander off and get separated, Dad.”

“Or lose us when you’re taking more stupid photographs.”

The fast train to the centre is expensive at more than 20 euros a pop, but it’s dead easy to buy the tickets. We’re headed for Nippori station rather than the main one as it’s closer to our hotel.

Emerging from the train, one thing is obvious: despite only being before 11 AM, it’s already hot. Effing hot. Andrew starts looking uncomfortable immediately. A waterfall of sweat cascades down his face. I’m not much better.

Outside we grab a cab. Lexxie gets in the front. The driver kindly moves the seat back for him. His knees had been poking his chin. Alexei shows the printed out name and address of the hotel and away we go.

It’s not far.  I deliberately chose reasonably central hotels. And reasonably cheap ones. I’m not made of money.

We’re too early to check in.

“Let’s see if we can find a pub, kids.”

“That’s the first sensible thing you’ve said all day.” Andrew says cheekily. He’s not one to ever turn down a beer-drinking opportunity.

We head off up the street. It’s even hotter. There are plenty of bars and restaurants around. Just none of them are open.

“Dad, can you hurry up and find something.” Andrew says after about 30 metres. He is looking hot, mind.


We walk a couple of hundred metres up the street. Nothing doing. Then back again. Still no luck. Third time up bingo! A little place has just opened. We rush in and joyously find that it’s air-conditioned and has beer.

“What would you like?”

“Beer.”

“Beer.”

“Three beers it is, then.”

They don’t have draught. Just big bottles of Asahi. That’ll do. For once I don’t mind that my beer is ice cold.

“Are you hungry?” I ask, as the food our fellow customers are tucking into looks interesting.

“No, my stomach doesn’t feel that good.” Andrew replies. I can equate with that. The heat has knocked all the appetite of me, too.

“I’ll have something.” Says Alexei, unsurprisingly.

What to order, though? The menu is only in Japanese.

“You should do what I used to before I could understand German. Just opt for something around the price you want to pay. Or in this case, how much I’m prepared to pay.”

“We know, Dad. You’ve told us this before.”


Alexei plumps for something in the 800 yen range. It turns out to be pretty substantial. A bowl of rice, miso soup, an omelette, two breaded chicken things and some pickles. Andrew and I get more beer as Alexei gets stuck into his food.

I’m surprised when I see someone light up a fag. Especially as they’re eating at the time.

Alexei can’t manage all his meal. I wish I were hungrier. It looks quite nice. But I couldn’t force down a thing. Well, nothing solid. I’ve room for beer.


When Check in time rolls around, we head back hotel-wards. Nipping into a supermarket we spotted earlier on the way. Where we pick up some drinks and sushi for later. That’s the sort of food I might be able to force down.

“Watch out, dad.” Andrew warns me as a bike approaches from behind. You have to really watch out. Everyone cycles on the pavement. Not used to that. In Amsterdam people mostly stick to the cycle paths.

We’re staying in traditional rooms, meaning there’s not really any furniture. Andrew wasn’t so keen when I suggested it. But I managed to convince him that it would be part of a total Japan experience.

We spend the evening chilling in our hotel, soaking up Japanese culture via the TV and drinking beer. TV is as bizarre as I’d hoped. Apart from the baseball.



Miyoshiya
Block 9.
Otakebashi-dori Ave
Arakawa City,
Tokyo.

Monday, 19 August 2019

Provincial English Mild before WW II

The classes of Mild brewed in the provinces were exactly the same as in London: 4d, 5d and 6d. The strengths they were brewed to were much the same, too. Not really a surprise, when tax made up around a third of the retail price.  

Regional brewers tended to stick to just a single Mild, either in the 4d or 5d category. Out in the countryside especially, Milds were already about as weak as a serious beer could get – 1029º or so. Which did at least mean that the war couldn’t reduce their strength significantly.

Outside London, Milds in the 6d price category seem to have been only brewed in parts of country. The examples in the table below all come from areas that were both Mild drinking strongholds and very industrial: Hull, Birmingham and South Wales. Some of these Milds are a bit stronger than anything brewed in London: over 4,5% ABV.

The examples in the 4d category, on the other hand, come from more rural areas: East Anglia, Kent and Sussex.


Provincial Mild Ale before WW II
Year Brewer Beer Price per pint (d) OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation colour
1935 Leney & Co X 4 1028 1006 2.85 78.57%
1936 Greene King Ale 4 1028.9
1936 Wells & Winch Ale 4 1031.8
1937 Tamplin Draught LA 4 1032.7 1007.3 3.30 77.68%
1934 Steward & Patteson XX Mild 1030
Average 4 1030.3 1006.7 3.08 78.12%
1935 Shepherd Neame X 5 1039.9
1937 Crosswells Mild  1035
1938 Lees K 1035.0 1005.0 3.97 85.71% 28
Average 5 1034.0 1005.8 3.52 81.92%
1938 Hancock Draught Ale 6 1040.6 1006.1 4.50 84.98%
1938 Phillips Newport Mow Draught Ale 6 1044.5 1010.9 4.36 75.51%
1935 Ansell Ale 6 1047 1009.7 4.85 79.36%
1935 Dare Ale 6 1047 1013.7 4.32 70.85%
1934 Hull Brewery 6d Draught 6 1041 1008 4.29 80.49% 14
Average 6 1044.0 1009.7 4.46 78.24%
Sources:
Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/001.
“Cardiff Pubs and Breweries” by Brian Glover, 2005. pages 97-101
What's Brewing (Beer) May  2005, p.17; July 2005 p.5
Lees brewing record held at the brewery
Truman Gravity Book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number B/THB/C/252.

Sunday, 18 August 2019

A nip in the air calls for

By the end of 1949 few genuinely strong beers were starteing to escape from breweries. Some were even confident enough of their ability to supply such beers that they advertised them. Like Friary, with their Audit Ale.

Audit Ales were extremely strong beers originally brewed once a year for colleges at Oxford and Cambridge. After they closed down their own brewhouses, the colleges contracted the brewing out to commercial brewers.

I'm not sure that Friary's Audit Ale has any connection with either university and genuine Audit Ales. Other than it being pretty strong.


"A nip in the air calls for FRIARY AUDIT ALE
There's nothing like a nip of Friary Audit Ale for making you forget the weather. Extra strong, and specially brewed to take the sting out of an English Winter, Friary Audit at 15/6d. per dozen nips coats that little extra — but by Jove it’s worth it!
THE STRONG ALE THAT WARMS LIKE WINE
TYLER & CO LTD
WOKING SURREY"
Chichester Observer - Saturday 03 December 1949, page 7.

And exactly how strong was extra strong? Around 8% ABV is the answer. So genuinely pretty strong. Here are the details of it and some other beers of the period, inlcuding several Audit Ales.


Audit Ale and other Strong Ales 1948 - 1958
Year Brewer Beer Price per pint (d) OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation colour
1948 Usher Strong Ale 1090.5 1024.5 8.63 72.93%
1949 Flower Extra Strong 1078 1012 8.68 84.62%
1949 Fowler Prestonpans Twelve Guinea Ale 45 1077.7 1030.3 6.13 61.00% 100
1949 Mann Crossman Strong Ale 30 1071.2 128
1951 Barclay Perkins Strong Ale 37 1079 1011 8.96 86.08% 120
1951 Friary Audit Strong Ale 46.5 1084.6 1022.1 8.17 73.88% 52
1953 Friary Holroyd Audit Ale 45 1084 1025.1 7.67 70.12% 52
1955 Dales (Brewed by Wells & Winch) Audit Ale 36 1062.2 1023.5 5.00 62.22% 115
1955 Greene King Audit Ale 36 1083.2 1017.7 8.59 78.73% 100
1955 Wells & Winch Audit Ale 36 1062.2 1023.3 5.03 62.54% 115
1958 Lacons Audit Ale 54 1095 1017.8 9.65 81.26% 90
Sources:
Truman Gravity Book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number B/THB/C/252.
Thomas Usher Gravity Book held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document TU/6/11.
Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/002.

Not that the Friary beer was quite a bit paler than all the other Audit Ales.

Saturday, 17 August 2019

Let's Brew - 1944 Drybrough Burns Ale

By 1944, beers as strong as Burns Ale were extremely rare. And probably not very easy to find, give the small quantities of it which were brewed. Just 64 barrels, in this case. But some parti-gyled batches were much smaller, sometimes fewer than 10 barrels.

The gravity has held up remarkably well, being just 8 points lower than at the start of the war. You wouldn’t be able to get many pints of it down before your legs went. Especially if you had become accustomed to watery wartime beer.

Though it wasn’t parti-gyled, the recipe is still basically the same as their Pale Ales. Drybrough, like many Scottish breweries, didn’t believe in having multiple recipes. Why bother, when one could work for any beer?

The one small difference with the Pale Ale recipe was that the percentage of sugar was a little lower: 5% rather than 8%. But the sugar types were identical, as were the proportions used: one third of each.

I wouldn’t pay too much attention to the colour value in the recipe below. Burns Ale would have been coloured up with caramel at racking time to 20-25 SRM.


1944 Drybrough Burns Ale
pale malt 13.50 lb 77.34%
enzymic malt 0.33 lb 1.89%
chocolate malt 0.25 lb 1.43%
flaked barley 2.50 lb 14.32%
malt extract 0.125 lb 0.72%
No. 2 invert sugar 0.75 lb 4.30%
Fuggles 135 mins 1.00 oz
Fuggles 90 mins 1.00 oz
Goldings 30 mins 1.00 oz
Goldings dry hops 1.00 oz
OG 1076
FG 1025
ABV 6.75
Apparent attenuation 67.11%
IBU 32
SRM 14
Mash at 149º F
Sparge at 165º F
Boil time 135 minutes
pitching temp 61º F
Yeast WLP028 Edinburgh Ale

Friday, 16 August 2019

London Brown Ale after WW II

Before the war, most London Brown Ales were in the low-1040ºs, or around average gravity. After the war, most were only around 1030º, which was 4 points or below average OG. Though there were examples around 1034º and, of course, the outlier that was Whitbread Double Brown, a beer far stronger than its local rivals.

There was quite a lot of variation in rates of attenuation – from 60% to 85% – but most Brown Ales were in the range 65% to 70%. That’s on the low side compared to most draught beers, but is probably a result of the way Brown Ale was brewed. Most were Mild Ale recipes which were primed and then bottled. Unlike in cask Mild, there was no chance for the primings to ferment out before sale as the yeast was removed and the beer stabilised either by chilling or pasteurisation.

Much like London Milds, Brown Ales brewed in the capital tended to be at the darker end of the spectrum, averaging over 90. Around 80 would have been typical for examples brewed in the English provinces.


London Brown Ale after WW II
Date Year Beer Price per pint (d) OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation colour
1946 Barclay Perkins Doctor Brown Ale 13.5 1034.1 1011.3 2.95 66.86% 105
1947 Barclay Perkins Doctor Brown Ale 14 1034.2 1007.4 3.48 78.36% 120
1946 Beasley Dark Brown 12 1029.5 1009.5 2.59 67.80% 90
1947 Beasley Brown Ale 12 1030 1007.7 2.89 74.33% 82
1947 Charrington Brown Ale 12 1028.9 1011 2.31 61.94% 90
1947 Hammerton Nut Brown Ale 12.5 1027.6 1003.9 3.08 85.87% 80
1947 Mann Crossman Brown Ale 14 1035.3 1011.4 3.09 67.71% 82
1946 Taylor Walker Nut Brown Ale 17 1030.1 1007.6 2.92 74.75% 82
1947 Taylor Walker Brown Ale 13 1030.3 1007.3 2.98 75.91% 85
1946 Truman Trubrown 14 1035.1 1014.2 2.70 59.54% 115
1947 Truman Trubrown 14 1033.5 1012.6 2.70 62.39% 105
1946 Watney Brown Ale 13 1031.2 1011.4 2.56 63.46% 110
1947 Watney Brown Ale 13 1029.8 1009.7 2.60 67.45% 82
1947 Whitbread Forest Brown 12 1029.3 1009.1 2.61 68.94% 85
1947 Whitbread Double Brown 17 1043 1010.1 4.27 76.51% 100
Average 13.5 1032.1 1009.6 2.91 70.12% 94.2
Sources:
Whitbread Gravity book held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document number LMA/4453/D/02/001.

Thursday, 15 August 2019

Why is beer short?

Because it smoked as a child? Its mother didn't eat enough vitamins during pregnancy?

They really mean why was beer in short supply? The brewers, via the advertisement below, were keen to point out that it wasn't their fault.

"WHY BEER IS SHORT
The Government has found it necessary to limit the supplies of barley for brewing beer because of the acute world shortage of grain. This limitation, coupled with the increasing popularity of beer as a national beverage amongst all classes, is the reason for the continued shortage of beer throughout the country.

The reductions which have been made in the strength beer have partially alleviated the limitations in quantity which have been imposed. The output in standard barrels during the war years was restricted to that brewed in 1938/39, and was further restricted in May last to 90% of the output. The small increase subsequently granted has not materially altered the position.

Brewers have done their utmost to maintain the maximum permitted supplies of beer to the public; and they, and the retailers, have done their best to distribute those limited supplies fairly among all their customers. This they will continue to do. They ask the public to be tolerant of the difficulties under which the industry is at present working. The industry looks forward to the days when it can brew sufficient and better beer.
Issued by The Brewers' Society"
Western Times - Friday 01 November 1946, page 3.

There is a tacit admission that wartime beer was sub-standard: "when it can brew sufficient and better beer".

Reading the article, it sounds as if beer production in terms of standard barrels* had declined. But that wasn't true. Production, in terms of standard barrels, increased by 12% between 1939 and 1946. And in terms of bulk barrels, it was up 32%.


UK Beer production and average OG 1939 - 1947
Year bulk barrels  standard barrels average OG
1939 24,674,992 18,364,156 1040.93
1940 25,366,782 18,738,619 1040.62
1941 26,203,803 18,351,113 1038.51
1942 29,860,796 19,294,605 1035.53
1943 29,296,672 18,293,919 1034.34
1944 30,478,289 19,193,773 1034.63
1945 31,332,852 19,678,449 1034.54
1946 32,650,200 20,612,225 1034.72
1947 29,261,398 17,343,690 1032.59
Source:
Brewers' Almanack 1955, p. 50.

It's impressive how well beer production held up during WW II. only in one year, 1943, was the output in standard barrels down on 1939. And then only by 70,000 barrels.

Though after 1947 it was a very different story, with beer production falling year on year for more than a decade.



* A "standard" barrel = 36 imperial gallons of a beer with an OG of 1055º.

Wednesday, 14 August 2019

Let's Brew Wednesday - 1944 Drybrough 80/-

No, still not done with 1944. Nor with Drybrough.

Much as with 60/-, Drybrough 80/- was starting to look very similar to post-war versions. With a gravity in the low-1040ºs, it’s the very image of a modern Export.

Around the strength of a post-ear English Best Bitter, the main difference with beers from south of the border is the level of hopping. Which in this case is very low. Much lower, for example, than even a Mild brewed in London.

As with all Drybrough’s beers, other than 60/-, it was brewed in tiny quantities. 50/- made up about 85% of output, with the other beers sharing the remaining 15% between them.

The grist is the same as all their other beers with one exception: there was no enzymic malt. No idea why that should be. I wouldn’t like to guess. Otherwise, it’s the standard pale malt and flaked barley combination providing most of the fermentable material. Backed up by tiny amounts of chocolate malt and malt extract. Along with three sugars: Fison, Avona and Martineau. Which I’ve replaced with No.2 invert.

The hops were all English from the 1942 harvest.

In a reverse from normal practice, Drybrough pitched their stronger beers at a higher temperature than their weaker ones. Very odd, that.


1944 Drybrough 80/-
pale malt 7.75 lb 82.71%
chocolate malt 0.04 lb 0.43%
flaked barley 0.75 lb 8.00%
malt extract 0.08 lb 0.85%
No. 2 invert sugar 0.75 lb 8.00%
Fuggles 135 mins 0.50 oz
Fuggles 90 mins 0.50 oz
Goldings 30 mins 0.25 oz
Goldings dry hops 0.50 oz
OG 1041
FG 1015
ABV 3.44
Apparent attenuation 63.41%
IBU 17
SRM 7
Mash at 149º F
Sparge at 165º F
Boil time 145 minutes
pitching temp 61º F
Yeast WLP028 Edinburgh Ale