Friday 30 November 2012

Cider, Health Beverage

How could I not reproduce an article with a title like that? I'm sure noy everyone today would agree, but the author has some compelling arguments.

One I used myself quite recently. "It's only apple juice, after all, Andrew." Cider is sort of apple juice. All the goodness couldn't have been lost in the making of it.


"CIDER, HEALTH BEVERAGE.
Sometimes wish that those who write about eider would drink a pood deal more of it, and then they might write with more knowledge, and certainly with more discretion. It is remarkable what an amount of ignorance prevails with regard to the products of a tree quite as old as the establishment Glastonbury Abbey, if believe in old traditions. Joseph of Arimathea, are told, when came to what is known as Glastonbury, leaned on his staff, which, his weight, went down in the soft, rich, yielding soil, and there took root, and in due time became the holy thorn. Whilst loaning on his staff, Joseph drew from his wallet eastern fruit and proceeded eat it. In doing so, he scattered the pips, and from these sprang up those apple trees that furnish the blood-red cider, no other county England producing the like. There is no doubt that the holy thorn grew in Glastonbury, and so do the apple trees. We know that good cider has been made, and is still being made, in Somerset, and I have seen many a good old labourer march off with his two-gallon bottle the morning and bring it back and set it down empty beside the cider house door in the evening; and be ready take his pail on lis head to milking o'clock next morning. Why he could do this was because it was pure cider, and not a concoction that he had drunk. Now, a town dweller gets knocked over because he has drunk five pints of cider. He is given twenty-one days in which to reflect, and at the same time cider gets bad name. If there is is one thing that I detest, it is to see drunken person, and, happily, we see fewer them today. We see hardly any in country districts and cider is still freely drunk there. I trust it will, for many year to come. I am no braggart, but I think that I have sampled cider made in most of, or from most of, the cidermaking countries of the globe, and I believe that my old friend, Mr John Ettle, of Weston-super-Mare, will bear out my statement that, once having tasted cider that was made in Germany, be it in time war or peace, never want to make its acquaintance again, whether at home or in Holland. I think that I have sampled most of the show ciders that have been exhibited in England during the past 15 years, and I have had to taste and sample and place in order merit as many as 184 bottles and casks day. If cider were so terribly intoxicating, what should I have been like at the finish ? The fact is, cider does no harm long as it in pure. Cider is not a teetotal beverage, though containing much less alcohol than so-called non-intoxicating beverages. Here open challenge. Let anyone obtain 20 bottles of ciders not more nor less than six weeks old; also 20 bottles of brewed stone-ginger beer of the same age from 20 different makers, and send them to the Bristol University for analysis. I have not the slightest hesitation in saying that the stone-ginger would show the greater quantity of alcohol, either by weight or volume. The regulations at the Bath and West of England, the Royal Agricultural Society of England, and the Brewers' Exhibition in London, require that cider shall shown pure, and the chemist either precedes or follows the judge. Now, in all the long years these competitions have been held, a first prize has never been awarded to cider showing 6 per cent, of alcohol. At the Royal champion honours have been to a cider containing under 2 per cent, of alcohol. It will generally be found that there have been more ciders shown containing 3 to 4 per cent, alcohol than any other figures. Thanks to modern investigations, the contents of cider are fairly well-known, particularly the solids, and when these and the amount of alcohol are out of recognised proportion, well, the judge begins to think of either added sugar or added spirit, or both.

"Chambers' Encyclopaedia" states that cider contains from 4 to 10 per cent absolute alcohol. I wish its able editor would only send me a few grafts of the apple that has a sufficiency of solids in the form of sugars, to convert into 10 per cent. of absolute alcohol in the cider, even if it was fermented to comply with the regulations of the dry class at the Bath and West. Few realise that cider is, or should be, the purest beverage on earth. The juices are drawn from the soil, filtered by passing the trunk of the tree and through the branches, refined and perfected by sunshine, the greatest purifier of all. The apple is then crushed, the liquids squeezed out from the coarser parts, skin, core, & c . The juice is then put a clean barrel. The yeasts that are on the skins of the apples are then set to break up the fruit sugars, and fermentation takes place. This goes on until sufficiency of alcohol has been developed to act as a preservative. As the alcohol becomes more pronounced, the yeasts become weaker, until they are killed off the very product they have developed. The resultant liquor is all that cider should be, needs to be. If bright-looking cider is required the filter may be used. This, of course, takes from, rather than adds. If water be used to dilute the beverage, all kinds of fakes are used to restore the body — sugar candy, burnt sugar, caramel, boiled parsnips, beet roots, even beef, gingerbread, and anatto, just, of course, for appearance sake. Then the cider so weakened that anti-ferments, or preservatives, are added. The Devonshire practice of matchng or sulphuring leaves its distinctive trace on the tongue. Then there is salicylic acid, and others more harmful, as, I have cause to remember when I was not quite so well experienced as to cause and effect as now. The cider-makmg industry is a most important one to west England farmers particularly, and this being so, I have endeavoured show that whilst cider cannot mask as a non-intoxicant, yet, on the other hand, with ordinary table consumption, it can hardly hardly be styled an intoxicant. Of course. to sit and empty couple of bottles at a sitting would be different from taking half a gallon into the hayfield. The latter might be more than excusable, even necessary. Apart from being a mere beverage. Cider has decided medicinal properties of great value.
Western Daily Press - Thursday 31 December 1914, page 3.

Drinking two gallons of cider during the day, but still able to get up before dawn to milk. They don't make farm labourers like they used to. Two gallons. Even if it were just 3 or 4% ABV, that's still a fair amount of booze to get through in a day. 

That's not such an appetising list of adulterants. Boiled parsnips?  I prefer mine roasted. Talking of which, I did some really nice ones on Sunday. Caramelised, but not quite burnt. Yummy. Wouldn't want them in my cider, though.

Did you notice the dig at the germans there? Saying how crap German cider was. Though, to give him his die, the author does seem to know a thing or two about cider.

Thursday 29 November 2012

Home brewing in WW I

Though I don't mean the type of home brewing in the modern sense. Domestic brewing is probably a better description of it. Where farmers or other large households brewed for their own consumption and those of their workers.

It had been very widespread in the 18th century, but gradually declined in the 19th century, due to a number of factors. The greatest probably that between 1830 and 1880 private brewers had to pay the full tax, as duty was levied on the raw materials. The only real economic advantage the domestic brewer had was being able to use ingredients banned in commercial brewing, such as raw grain.

The increasing gap between the quality of home-brewed and commercial beer was another important factor. There had been little difference in the equipment and techniques employed in a domestic brewery and a commercial one in the early 18th century. Technological advances, which had mostly passed the private brewer by, had given commercial brewers much greater control of the brewing process. Put simply, home-brewed beer could seldom match commercially-brewed beer in quality.

Commercially-brewed beer had also been relatively cheap before the outbreak of war. The increased excise duty changed that.

"HOME BREWED.
The "haapenny the haupint bexter" has filled the Essex and other East Coast peasantry with economic ideas, as how to circumvent such an outlay, to wash the hayseeds and the wheat and barley "hiles" from their throats. And this has taken the form of reverting to the old practice of brewing their ales, an excellent practice that the farmers will not condemn. The average home-brewed is made from malt and hops only, but that malt and hops are not so easily obtainable as they were a few years ago. I wonder how many calls would have to be made to Bristol a sack of malt and seven pounds of hops could be obtained. And then the smell and taste of sweet wort, the aromatic perfume of the hops in the old farmhouse copper, or as the liquor is set out to cool. The nine gallons of "stingo" that would prevent frostbite on a winter's morning, and the big barrel of small ale that got harder and harder as the summer drew on, until it veritably made one's eyes strike fire to drink it. A quart of West Countree "crab vergis" was mild as compared with it. Of late years this home-brewing has been a very declining industry. The popular taste has tended towards the lighter, more palatable non-deposit beers being produced by our modern brewers; but to have to pay eightpence duty on what has hitherto been sixpence per gallon harvest ale will certainly turn many a farmer's thought in the direction of his own mash-tub in non-cider-making counties. Happily, the practice of giving drinks at harvestide to agricultural workers is being replaced by extra money, a gain alike to the farmer and the labourer. And bearing this in mind, we shall not see the Excise increased to deal with the issue of licenses for brewing on the premises for home consumption only."
Western Daily Press - Thursday 31 December 1914, page 3.

The author points out the one big problem of starting to home brew again: getting hold of the materials. Difficult as it might have been in 1914, it would be completely impossible later in the war as brewing materials were rationed and allocated to brewers.

Note that this only applies to "non-cider-making counties". For the obvious reason that in cider-making counties cider still played the same role that beer once had in other parts of the country. And apples, unlike malt and hops, would always be obtainable.

Wednesday 28 November 2012

X Ale grists in the 1860's

While I'm on the topic of grists, I may as well do the ones for the Milds I've been boring you with. They aren't all that exciting, one or two unexpected ingredients excepted.

19th-century grists can be a great disappointment to those hoping to find exciting recipes. Porter and Stout aside, most beers had very simple grists with nothing other than base malt. It's not what I'd expected to find. But, after looking at the odd few thousand brewing records, it's clear that this is just how they brewed back then.

Over-complication is a modern failing. How many current beers have recipes that are more complicated than they need to be? My guess is quite a lot. I don't want to bore you with this, but one of my favourite beers of all time, Pretty Things XXXX Mild*, has just four ingredients. That's including water and yeast.

The London X Ales definitely have the edge in terms of grist complexity. Only Barclay Perkins ones were 100% pale malt. That these beers were pale in colour is attested by the use of white malt in some. That was the palest kind of pale malt.

The Courage grists really are unusual. I'd forgotten that they included brown malt. The percentage is pretty small so I wonder what the point was. It would have added a little colour, but also flavour. I wonder which was the prime reason for its use?

The limited amount of sugar used is also worth highlighting. Sugar had been a legal ingredient since 1847, but it wasn't immediately hugely popular. Whitbread was the first of the big London brewers to adopt it in a big way, coincidentally about exactly at this time. This is when these brewers began using sugar regularly:

Whitbread 1865
Truman 1876
Barclay Perkins 1880

When we finally get to the next instalment in this series, you'll see just how much Barclay Perkins grists were transformed by the Free Mash Tun Act.

What can I say about the provincial grists? Very little as they are, with a single exception, 100% base malt. The only exception is the Medway X Ale with its small amount of crystal malt. This is a very early sighting of crystal malt. But that's another topic we'll be learning more about later.

Almost forgot my other point: the differing gravities. You can see that London X Ale was over 1060º, the provincial ones around 1050º. There's a similar gravity gap all the way up the strength scale

That's me done. I'll leave you with the tables.

London X Ale grists in the 1860's
Date Year Brewer Beer OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl pale malt brown malt white malt sugar
14th May 1867 Barclay Perkins X 1061.2 1018.6 5.64 69.68% 9.85 2.77 100.00%
2nd Oct 1868 Barclay Perkins XX 1078.9 1024.7 7.18 68.77% 12.89 4.47 100.00%
2nd Oct 1868 Barclay Perkins XXX 1092.8 1030.2 8.28 67.46% 14.21 5.90 100.00%
8th Jul 1867 Whitbread X 1061.2 1020.2 5.42 66.97% 10.12 2.95 86.07% 13.93%
16th May 1867 Whitbread XL 1071.2 1026.0 5.97 63.42% 9.01 3.05 85.25% 14.75%
3rd Jun 1867 Whitbread XX 1082.3 1031.3 6.74 61.95% 9.09 3.21 85.96% 14.04%
3rd Jul 1865 Truman X Ale 1067.3 1013.9 7.07 79.42% 9 2.78 64.71% 35.29%
4th Jul 1865 Truman 40/- Ale 1072.6 1020.8 6.85 71.37% 9 3.00 100.00%
22nd Aug 1865 Truman XX Ale 1081.2 1020.5 8.03 74.74% 11.0 7.17 100.00%
22nd Aug 1865 Truman XXX Ale 1088.9 1022.7 8.76 74.45% 11.0 10.15 100.00%
23rd July 1867 Courage Ale X 1065.9 10.00 3.10 97.82% 2.18%
30th July 1867 Courage Ale XX 1078.9 10.00 3.71 91.90% 3.05% 5.05%
Sources:
Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/032 and LMA/4453/D/01/033.
Barclay Perkins brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives document numbers ACC/2305/1/572 and ACC/2305/08/275.
Truman brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives document number B/THB/C/147.
Courage brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives document number ACC/2305/08/275.


Provincial X Ale grists in the 1860's
Date Year Brewer Beer OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl pale malt crystal malt white malt
1st Oct 1868 Tetley X 1047.4 1020.8 3.52 56.14% 6.00 1.11 100.00%
2nd Oct 1868 Tetley X1 1055.4 1019.4 4.76 65.00% 6.00 1.30 100.00%
5th Oct 1868 Tetley X2 1062.0 1017.7 5.86 71.43% 8.00 2.00 100.00%
19th Oct 1868 Tetley X3 1066.5 1022.2 5.86 66.67% 9.96 3.93 100.00%
17th Oct 1868 William Younger X 1053 1023 3.97 56.60% 6.30 1.36 100.00%
24th Aug 1868 William Younger XX 1057 1024 4.37 57.89% 9.58 2.25 100.00%
26th Aug 1868 William Younger XXX 1068 1028 5.29 58.82% 8.00 2.55 100.00%
18th Jun 1869 Medway X 1051.5 8.00 1.75 96.88% 3.13%
2nd Jun 1869 Medway XX 1066.8 9.00 2.63 100.00%
1864 Lovibond X Ale 1050.4 1015.5 4.62 69.23% 10.50 3.15 100.00%
1864 Lovibond XX Ale 1065.6 1015.0 6.70 77.20% 2.73 0.81 100.00%
1864 Lovibond XXX Ale 1074.2 1016.6 7.62 77.61% 6.50 1.04 100.00%
1864 Lovibond XXXX Ale 1085.3 1019.9 8.65 76.62% 10.50 2.01
100.00%
Sources:
Tetley brewing record held at the West Yorkshire Archive Service, Leeds document number WYL756/16/ACC1903
William Younger brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive document number WY/6/1/2/21
Medway brewing record owned by me
Lovibond brewing record owned by me



* Dann has promised he'll be brewing it again soon. I can't wait to get my hands on some more of it.

Tuesday 27 November 2012

William Murray goes public

If you've been paying attention, you should remember that William Murray was the first to build a brewery at Duddingston on the outskirts of Edinburgh. Several others would later follow.

Murray's launch was a modest affair, raising just £75,000. That's nothing compared to other brewery launches of the time.

"William Murray & Company (Limited), has been incorporated with a capital of £75,000 in £10 shares divided into 4000 Five per cent, Cumulative Preference shares and 35,000 Ordinary. The prospectus explains that the company has been formed, for the purpose of acquiring, carrying on, and extending the business of brewers and maltsters of William Murray & Company, Craigmillar Brewery, Edinburgh, and business incidental thereto. The Craigmillar Brewery was erected by the firm of William Murray & Company in 1887-8, and it is thought that its development may be further increased if members of the public and present and prospective customers of the brewery become shareholders in the incorporated company now proposed. The brewery is situated on ground (held in feu) adjoining the Duddingston Railway Station of the City of Edinburgh Suburban Branch of the North British Railway. There are railway sidings leading directly into the brewery. The extent of the ground (2.5 acres or thereby), admits of large extensions of the work. The brewery has an excellent supply of water from a well on the ground, and this water has been found well suited for brewing purposes. The assets to be acquired exclusive of goodwill are valued at £42,154, and the present issue of capital leaves £10,000 for new maltings to be erected by the company. It is certified that since April, 1895, the net profits, after making allowance for repairs, renewals, depreciation, and bad and doubtful debts, have annually averaged £6718, and that the sales up to the last balance on 30th June showed an increase of over 18 per cent. in the sales over the corresponding period of last year. The Ordinary shares are taken by the vendors, and all the Preference shares are offered for subscription. The lists open tomorrow (Wednesday)."
Glasgow Herald - Tuesday 14 December 1897, page 6.
£6718 is a pretty decent return on capital of £75,000, almost 10%. If the level of profit remained the same, there should have been plenty left to pay dividends to the shareholders. Unlike some of the dodgier flotations, that was the case a Murray. As we can see from their first  annual general meeting:

"Wm. Murray & Co., Limited. - The first annual general meeting of the shareholders of William Murray & Co., Ltd., was held at the company's brewery, Craigmillar Park, Edinburgh, today - Mr Wm. Murray presiding. The secretary read the directors' report, and submitted the balance-sheet and profit and loss account as at 30th June. It was recommended, after providing for a dividend on the Preference shares, to pay 10s per share on the Ordinary shares, being at the rate of 10 per cent, per annum; to place £1000 to the reserve fund, and to carry forward the balance amounting to £876 10s 10d. The report was unanimously adopted. The retiring director, Mr Wm. Murray, was unanimously reelected, as were the auditors, Mesrs Robertson & Carson. C.A.
Edinburgh Evening News - Thursday 28 July 1898, page 4.

Let's work out how much profit they needed to pay those dividends. 5% on the 4,000 £10 Preference shares is £2,000. 10s per Ordinary share I reckon should be £1,750. (I'm assuming that 35,000 Ordinary shares is a misprint and that it should really be 3,500. Otherwise the share capital doesn't add up.) Add to those the £1,000 carried over and the £876 balance and you get £5,526. Reasonably close to the average of £6718.

This looks a much better investment that many of the other breweries. At least in the short term.

Monday 26 November 2012

Licensed grocers and opening hours (part two)

The more I read about this case, the more the absurdity of restrictive hours becomes apparent. And I can't help wondering what rules apply now.

Remember my recent trip to Folkestone. My mate with the car, Mikey, put an order in with Asda to be delivered to our hotel. It included alcohol. Well most of it was alcohol, in the form of cider. Could it only legally be delivered during permitted hours? Admittedly, these hours are quite generous now, but there are still times of the day when it's illegal to sell booze like, for example, Sunday morning.


"Criticism of the Decisions.

There can be no doubt that the judgment of Lord Alness in Valentine v. Bell has been the parent of what, fortified by the weighty opinion of Lord Clyde, one may venture to suggest is an erroneous interpretation of the Act. The grounds of his opinion, if analysed, are seen to be of little cogency. He begins by saying that it would be absurd in one section to prohibit a sale and in the next section to permit it. But why? What is more usual and customary than to lay down a general rule and then to state the exceptions? In any case, the Legislature, having prohibited sale in Section 4, has explicitly been guilty of the absurdity of permitting it in Section 5 (a), which provides that "nothing in the foregoing provisions of this part of this Act shall be deemed to prohibit or restrict the sale or supply to . . . any person of intoxicating liquor in any licensed premises where he is residing." It is to be observed that the rubric to Section 5 is " Exemptions and saving provisions," and that in Section 4 the general prohibition of sale otherwise than during the permitted hours is made " subject to the provisions of this part of this Act." The general prohibition in Section 4 is subject to the exemptions of certain classes of transactions specified in Section 5. One class of exception is sale to a person resident in the licensed premises, and another is a sale to a person of liquor for off-consumption which he does not carry away but desires to be delivered to his address.

The Report of the Royal Commission on Licensing (England and Wales) exhibits the same erroneous reasoning. Commenting on the exemption of ordering and dispatch, the Report says : "It is not, of course, the sale itself but certain elements in the transaction which are exempted : and it appears to us that this provision is not so much an exemption as a declaratory provision which makes it clear that the ordering or dispatch of the liquor, which are mere steps in the transaction, can lawfully take place during non-permitted hours. . .        Having first begged the whole question of interpretation by the "of course," the Report is compelled to assume that in describing the provision as an exemption the Legislature did not know what it was doing. But no sane person could assume that the ordering of intoxicating liquor was struck at by anything in the first four sections of the Act. A prohibition of the ordering of liquor would be manifestly absurd. To send a postcard asking a wine merchant to dispatch a bottle of whisky to one's address would be an offence not in itself, not according to the time at which the postcard was posted, but according to the time at which it reached the trader's establishment. There was no need, therefore, to exempt the ordering as an element of a transaction of sale from the provisions as to permitted hours, for there was not, and could not be, anything to suggest that it was prohibited. To give the words any sensible meaning at all, "the ordering of intoxicating liquor to be consumed off the premises, or the dispatch of the liquor so ordered," must be read not as referring disjunctively to two separate elements of a transaction, but as a description of a kind or class of transaction, of nature which in these days of telephones, mail-order systems, and cash-on-delivery facilities, is tending ever more largely to supersede the practice of personal attendance at the establishment of the retailer.


The Remedy.

The High Court decisions leave the off-licensed traders, and particularly those who conduct a substantial order and delivery business, as, for example, the great stores in London and the large provincial towns, in considerable doubt as to their legal position. They are told that the Act exempts order and dispatch from the provisions as to permitted hours, but that sale is not exempted, and the ingenuity of the learned Judges has been expended to show that every transaction in which liquor is ordered and dispatched is a transaction in of sale! The loophole described by Portia in Shylock's bond was creditable to her ingenuity, and in the circumstances of the case it served the cause of substanial justice. But in this matter of the application of permitted hours the reduction of the exemption of sales by order and dispatch to a nullity is much less laudable. The Legislature must have meant something by the exemption,  and  its history shows that what it was intended to continue and enlarge was the right to receive, accept and fulfil orders for liquor by the dispatch of the goods without reference to the permit hours, which even the Liquor Control Board had recognised as being reasonable and in no way inconsistent with the maintenance of the system of permitted hours and the accomplishment of its purposes.

The decision of the King's Bench Division on a case stated by magistrates is, of course, final, and unless the ruling of the High Court can be tested by an indirect proceeding by means of a friendly test action, alleviation of the present embarrassing situation must be sought in legislation. The most satisfactory course would seem to be to exclude off-licensed establishments from the operation of the permitted hours altogether and to make them subject to the provisions of the Shops Acts, 1912 to 1928. This would render impracticable such evasions as were practised by the promoters of "bottle parties"  and "At homes," and would enable traders who sell for off-consumption only and, particularly, mixed traders in liquor and other commodities, to transact their business in a more convenient manner."
Brewers' Journal 1934, page 250.

The final proposal, to free off-licences from the restriction of licensing hours and to treat them like any other shop is a very sensible one. So obviously that never happened. How well I remember the little blinds that used to come down over the booze shelves in supermarkets on a Sunday afternoon. What a total pain in the arse that was. One of the reasons I hated Sundays so much. That and the shityuy religious programmes on the telly.

Sunday 25 November 2012

Barclay Perkins 1859 Porter and Stout grists

That title isn't a mouthful, is it? No, I didn't think so. Never mind. By popular demand (one person requested it) here are the grists for the Barclay Perkins Porters and Stouts mentioned in my 1859 EI recipe post.

What do they tell us? That Barclay Perkins had two types of Porter/Stout grist. The first, used for TT (Running Porter) and Hhd (Keeping Porter) was about 85% pale malt, 12% brown malt and 4% black malt. The second, used for all the Stouts and EI Porter 75%, 15% brown malt, 2% black malt and 8% amber malt. OK, I know some of the Stout grists have more brown and less pale malt, but I'm trying to generalise here.

It tells me that EI was a relatively classy beer, because it used a Stout-like grist including amber malt. And that, in general, the posher beers in the range got more brown and amber malt. Just look at the IBS. That's the top of the range Stout. Not just for Barclay Perkins, but for the whole world and the whole of time. Because that's Russian Stout. The original one, first brewed by Thrale.

The loyalty of London brewers to brown malt is also demonstrated. By this time in many regions - Ireland for example - Porter and Stout grists had been simplified to just pale and black malt. London brewers stuck with brown malt to the bitter end. Whitbread were still using it at Chiswell Street in the 1960's. Who would have guessed that Mackeson contained it?

Here's the table. Or rather tables. I've given the grists in both percentages and quarters. I suspect that in the 1850's Barclay operkins were using volume rather than weight quarters. Which means that a quarter of brown malt isn't the smae as a quarter of pale malt, because it's lighter. But, so you can make up your own minds, I've included a table with the raw number of quarters.



Barclay Perkins Porter and Stout grists in 1859 %age
Date Year Beer Style OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl Pitch temp pale malt brown malt black malt amber malt
14th Oct 1859 TT Porter 1060.1 1017.0 5.70 71.72% 16.79 4.06 68º 84.58% 12.03% 3.40%
19th Oct 1859 Hhd Porter 1062.3 1016.5 6.06 73.53% 18.43 4.03 68º 82.65% 13.88% 3.47%
7th Oct 1859 FS Expt Stout 1064.3 1016.5 6.32 74.32% 17.88 4.66 66.5º 74.02% 18.68% 3.19% 4.12%
10th Nov 1859 EI Porter 1064.5 1016.5 6.36 74.43% 20.15 4.93 68º 73.02% 18.79% 3.52% 4.66%
5th Oct 1859 BS Stout 1092.5 1028.5 8.47 69.20% 16.17 8.15 60.5º 66.38% 18.64% 2.64% 12.33%
21st Oct 1859 BS PU Stout 1093.9 1029.0 8.59 69.12% 14.31 7.41 58.5º 63.73% 21.86% 2.84% 11.57%
9th Nov 1859 BS K Stout 1094.2 1028.0 8.76 70.27% 19.93 9.40 58º 73.82% 15.78% 2.05% 8.35%
2nd Nov 1859 BS ex Stout 1095.3 1029.0 8.77 69.57% 19.31 8.82 59º 73.82% 15.78% 2.05% 8.35%
25th Oct 1859 IBS Stout 1105.3 1033.0 9.56 68.65% 15.19 9.60 57º 63.50% 22.56% 2.75% 11.19%
Source:
Barclay Perkins brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives document number ACC/2305/1/544.

Barclay Perkins Porter and Stout grists in 1859 in quarters
Date Year Beer Style OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl Pitch temp pale malt brown malt black malt amber malt
14th Oct 1859 TT Porter 1060.1 1017.0 5.70 71.72% 16.79 4.06 68º 265.83 50 14.125
19th Oct 1859 Hhd Porter 1062.3 1016.5 6.06 73.53% 18.43 4.03 68º 180 40 10
7th Oct 1859 FS Expt Stout 1064.3 1016.5 6.32 74.32% 17.88 4.66 66.5º 179.75 60 10.25 10
10th Nov 1859 EI Porter 1064.5 1016.5 6.36 74.43% 20.15 4.93 68º 235 80 15 15
5th Oct 1859 BS Stout 1092.5 1028.5 8.47 69.20% 16.17 8.15 60.5º 161.50 60 8.5 30
21st Oct 1859 BS PU Stout 1093.9 1029.0 8.59 69.12% 14.31 7.41 58.5º 165.25 75 9.75 30
9th Nov 1859 BS K Stout 1094.2 1028.0 8.76 70.27% 19.93 9.40 58º 265.25 75 9.75 30
2nd Nov 1859 BS ex Stout 1095.3 1029.0 8.77 69.57% 19.31 8.82 59º 265.25 75 9.75 30
25th Oct 1859 IBS Stout 1105.3 1033.0 9.56 68.65% 15.19 9.60 57º 170.25 80 9.75 30
Source:
Barclay Perkins brewing record held at the London Metropolitan Archives document number ACC/2305/1/544.