Friday, 21 May 2010

London here I come

I'll be in London next week. Monday to Wednesday.

The main reason for the trip is to be a judge for the International Beer Challenge at the White Horse on Tuesday. I did it last year and, despite is taking up most of day, it was a good laugh. But because it starts so early and lasts so long, I need to fly in the day before and out the day after. An excellent excuse to spend more time in the London Metropolitan Archives.

This weekend I'll fill out all my document request slips. It saves time. I have a fairly good idea of what I want to do. Like complete my set of 20th-century Whitbread brewing logs. So much fun, so little time.

When my brain starts melting after too long in the archives, I'll finish the job with some pints in the Gunmakers. Which is handily just around the corner.

Unless that bloody volcano palys up again.

Barclay Perkins K Ales 1869 - 1910

Someone asked me this question the other day: "What was the difference between K Ales, X Ales and Pale Ale?" It's a good question. Unfortunately, there isn't a simple answer.

Firstly, what year you're talking about is of vital importance. Just like X Ales, K Ales underwent considerable changes over the years. So there's no one single answer to that question. Rather there are several.

"So are you going to give us all those answers?"

"No."

"Some of the answers?"

"No."

"Any of the answers?"

"No. Not yet."

First I have to put the evidence together. This is part one.Of the evidence.



Barclay Perkins K Ales 1869 - 1910
Year Beer OG FG ABV App. Attenuation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl lbs hops qtrs malt dry hops (oz / barrel) pale malt amber malt crystal malt SA malt white malt no. 2 sugar caramel other sugar flaked maize flaked rice
1869 KK 1084.5 1013.6 9.38 83.90% 14.34 5.73 2438 170 0.00 85 85
1870 KKK 1093.1 1016.5 10.13 82.27% 18.45 7.99 2768 150 0.00 150
1870 KKKK 1106.1 1017.0 11.79 83.98% 18.89 9.11 1020 54 0.00 180
1870 KK 1079.2 1012.5 8.83 84.22% 18.27 7.24 2302 126 0.00 180
1891 KKK 1085.0 1021.6 8.39 74.58% 14.75 5.43 3967 269 0.00 180 9 50 30
1891 KK 1075.0 1020.2 7.25 73.04% 15.17 4.91 3579 236 0.00 156 6 50 24
1891 KKK 1085.0 1017.7 8.90 79.14% 14.34 5.52 3958 276 0.00 168 12 66 30
1891 KKK 1085.0 1023.8 8.09 71.97% 14.09 5.37 4510 320 0.00 210 10 65 35
1891 KK 1074.0 1018.8 7.30 74.55% 14.23 4.51 4339 305 0.00 197 13 60 35
1892 KK 1074.0 1021.1 7.00 71.55% 14.22 4.61 4338 305 0.00 197 13 60 35
1899 KK 1075.0 1020.5 7.21 72.67% 13.54 4.16 4196 310 0.00 210 70 1 30
1900 KK 1073.0 1019.4 7.09 73.44% 14.03 4.20 4349 310 0.00 141 69 70 2 30
1906 KK 1074.0 1023.8 6.64 67.81% 13.97 4.20 4303 308 12.00 210 70 2.25 28
1906 KK 1073.0 1022.2 6.73 69.64% 13.99 4.13 4310 308 12.00 210 70 2.25 28
1906 KK 1073.0 1020.5 6.95 71.92% 14.00 4.20 4311 308 12.00 131 79 70 2.25 28
1909 KK 1073.0 1021.1 6.87 71.16% 14.00 4.25 2156 154 8.00 75 5 28 32 1 14
1909 KK 1073.3 1022.2 6.77 69.77% 14.00 4.23 3613 258 8.00 36 9 135 54 2 24
1909 KK 1073.0 1021.1 6.87 71.16% 14.04 4.26 2162 154 8.00 103 5 1 32 14
1910 KKK 1087.3 1026.3 8.07 69.86% 14.00 5.33 2940 210 12.00 136 8 48 2 18
Source:
Barclay Perkins brewing records

I have to admit that this is a bit of an experiment. I'm not sure if the above table is suitable for a blog post. I'd be interested in your comments.

No insightful analysis today. Just the first shovel of dirt in my data heap. More to come soon.



And I got to mention Barclay Perkins again.

Thursday, 20 May 2010

My work really isn't done

Oh no. More nonsense from people who really should know better. I genuinely feel like crying.

The BBPA (formerly the Brewers' Society) has just launched a website called Beer Genie. I unwisely looked at the History of Beer page. What did I find? A strong contender for the Protz Shield:

"C1720:
Porter Ales made the accountants and porters happy.

This delicious dark beer, the weaker forerunner to stout, was the first beer in Britain to be brewed on an industrial scale. It was the chosen drink of all the thirsty porters who unloaded ships, carried goods and did what DHL and the internet do today. It was originally a blend of three different beers and often aged for over a year in vast barrels, the size of a house."

One word. That's how far they got before the first mistake. "Porter Ales" - aaaaaaagh! Porter was a beer, not an ale. Forerunner of Stout? Not really. Porters who unloaded ships? That's partly right. It was named after the Fellowship porters and ticket porters. At least they didn't say station porters, as some idiots have. The former unloaded ships, the latter carried stuff around London. A blend of three different beers? I thought that one had been well and truly kicked to death.



"C1820:
India Pale Ale, the Chardonnay of its time.

The wood and straw used to roast barley had made all beers dark; but as the beer was drunk from pewter or earthenware, nobody saw its colour. The arrival of commercially produced clear glassware meant you could see your drink. So they invented India Pale Ale, high in alcohol, pale in colour and with massive quantities of hops to help it endure the months at sea on its way to India. It went beautifully with curry too."
Not all beers were pale before IPA. Pale beers had been around for a couple of hundred years at least before the first IPA was brewed. No-one effing invented IPA, and certainly not because of the sudden appearance of glass drinking vessels.  By the time IPA appeared, ALL British beers except Porter and Stout were pale. And the switch to glasses for drinking beer was much later, towards the end of the 19th century. Glasses didn't make beer get paler. They made it get darker. X and K Ales started getting darker when glassware was introduced. High in alcohol? No it wasn't. Barely average strength. Analyses show IPA and brewing records show early IPA was 4.5-7% ABV. Not strong at all for the period.


"C1840:
Mild ales are a hit with industrial workers

Today, the only thing we hit our deadlines are space bars. But back then, British workers used to hit actual stuff for a living working in mines, foundries and other places that made you proper thirsty. Low alcohol beers at 4-6% with low bitterness and reassuring malty quality were a hit with the sweating workers and provided much needed refreshment and re-hydration at the end of a hard, hot day."
So IPA was strong at 4.5-7% ABV, but Mild at the same strength was weak? Bit of inconsistency there. Mild wasn't weak. It wasn't strong. It was brewed to a wide range of strengths, from 5% ABV to more than 10% ABV. Low bitterness? Not according to the brewing records I've seen. The Truman's 1832 XXXX that Pretty Things recreated had more hops than most modern IPAs. It wasn't just drunk by industrial workers. It was drunk by just about everyone.



"C1880s:
England, Wales and Scotland brew their first pale lagers.

Forty years after the first pale lager was brewed in Pilsen in the Czech Republic, the lager beer style was brewed in Britain. "
 The first British Lager was much earlier - John Muir brewed it in Edinburgh in the 1830's. And why the assumption that early Lagers were pale? The Wrexham Lager Brewery initially brewed Munich-style dark Lager.

Impressively inaccurate. That's all  I can say.

Wednesday, 19 May 2010

Barley Wine

Just a table today. Of Barley Wines. Why? Well why Not?



Barley Wine 1870 - 1967
Year Brewer Beer Style Price size package Acidity FG OG Colour ABV attenuation
1870 Bass Barley Wine Barley Wine


0.23 1032.3 1114.8
10.84 71.86%
1923 Younger, Geo. Malt Wine Barley Wine
pint bottled
1023.9 1083.4 69 7.76 71.34%
1932 Mann Crossman Barley Wine Barley Wine 11d pint bottled 0.18 1011.9 1096
11.15 87.60%
1933 Mann Crossman Barley Wine Barley Wine 11d pint bottled 0.19 1006.9 1094.8
11.71 92.72%
1934 Bass Prince's Ale (brewed 23/7/1929) Barley Wine
halfpint bottled 0.12 1029.2 1112.8
11.00 74.11%
1935 Bass Barley Wine Barley Wine
halfpint bottled 0.07 1023.3 1109
11.32 78.62%
1948 Mann Crossman Barley Wine Barley Wine 28d half pint bottled 0.17 1015 1084.2 24 + 40 9.10 82.19%
1950 Ind Coope Arctic Ale No. 1 Barley Wine
pint bottled 0.10 1020.8 1079.9 40 + 16 7.72 73.97%
1950 Ind Coope Arctic Ale Barley Wine 18d nip bottled 0.05 1020.1 1079.8 18 + 40 7.80 74.81%
1950 John Smith, Tadcaster Barley Wine Barley Wine
half pint bottled 0.10 1036 1098.2 18 + 40 8.08 63.34%
1951 Ind Coope Arctic Ale Barley Wine 17.5d nip bottled 0.08 1019.1 1078.1
7.71 75.54%
1952 Bass Barley Wine Barley Wine 21.5d nip bottled 0.08 1035.6 1104.1 10 + 40 8.93 65.80%
1952 Ind Coope Arctic Ale Barley Wine 18d nip bottled 0.07 1020.2 1080.3 21 + 40 7.85 74.84%
1952 Watney Stingo Barley Wine 17d nip bottled 0.12 1008 1090.7 20 + 40 10.98 91.18%
1953 Ballingall & Son Old Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/4.5d nip bottled 0.06 1017.5 1074.6 15 + 40 7.46 76.54%
1953 Bass Barley Wine Barley Wine 20d nip bottled 0.08 1036.3 1104.6 10 + 40 8.90 65.30%
1953 Benskin Colne Spring Ale Barley Wine 30d half pint bottled 0.05 1008.2 1090.7 1 + 8 10.95 90.96%
1953 Cobbold & Co, Ipswich Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/0.5d nip bottled 0.05 1029.5 1073.8 15 + 40 5.72 60.03%
1953 Everards Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/5d nip bottled 0.07 1017.2 1077.1 13 + 40 7.84 77.69%
1953 Ind Coope Arctic Ale Barley Wine 18d nip bottled 0.08 1018 1079 18 + 40 7.98 77.22%
1953 Morgans Brewery Ltd [Norwich] Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/2d nip bottled 0.06 1024 1072.3 12 + 40 6.27 66.80%
1953 Scarborough & Whitby Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/2.5d nip bottled 0.07 1024.3 1064.3 17 + 40 5.17 62.21%
1953 Tamplin Cheerio Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/- nip bottled 0.06 1015.1 1063.3 16 + 40 6.28 76.15%
1953 Tetley Imperial Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/6d nip bottled 0.07 1022.1 1078.9 10.5 + 40 7.40 71.99%
1953 Tollemache Tolly Royal Barley Wine 16d nip bottled 0.06 1023.6 1073.3 17 + 40 6.45 67.80%
1953 Truman No. 1 Burton Barley Wine Barley Wine 20d nip bottled 0.06 1023.6 1095.4 6 + 40 9.42 75.26%
1953 Watney Yorkshire Stingo Barley Wine 17d nip bottled 0.10 1031.7 1089.6 17 + 40 7.52 64.62%
1954 Georges & Co, Bristol Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/8d half pint bottled 0.05 1026 1078.2 95 6.78 66.75%
1954 Tennant Bros. Ltd, Sheffield Gold Label No.1 Sparkling Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/8d nip bottled 0.13 1021.1 1101.5 90 10.60 79.21%
1954 Tollemache Tolly Royal Barley Wine 21.5d half pint bottled 0.04 1013.7 1065.9 110 6.82 79.21%
1955 Benskin Colne Spring Ale Barley Wine 30d half pint bottled 0.08 1011.1 1091.8 75 10.69 87.91%
1955 Tennant Bros. Ltd, Sheffield Gold Label Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/7d nip bottled 0.08 1020.8 1102.4 45 10.77 79.69%
1955 Tennant Bros. Ltd, Sheffield No. 1 Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/7d nip bottled 0.10 1022.6 1097.5 175 9.84 76.82%
1956 Ind Coope Arctic Barley Wine Barley Wine 18d nip bottled 0.05 1019.7 1077.1 105 7.49 74.45%
1958 Bass, Burton No. 1 Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/9d nip bottle 0.06 1039.8 1106.8 100 8.71 62.73%
1958 Tennants Gold Label No.1 Barley Wine Barley Wine 19d nip bottled 0.06 1017.9 1102.5 35 10.58 82.54%
1959 Hall & Woodhouse Stingo Barley Wine Barley Wine
halfpint bottled 0.05 1010.4 1077.3 45 8.81 86.55%
1959 Harvey & Sons Elixzabethan Ale Barley Wine
halfpint bottled 0.07 1030.5 1085.4 100 7.12 64.29%
1959 Ind Coope Benskins Colne Spring Ale Barley Wine 23.5d half pint bottled 0.10 1009.3 1092.8 80 11.08 89.98%
1959 Tamplin Cheer-i-o No. 1 Barley Wine Barley Wine
halfpint bottled 0.04 1016.1 1062.6 120 6.05 74.28%
1960 Benskin Colne Spring Ale Barley Wine
nip bottled 0.04 1007.6 1092.2 68 11.25 91.76%
1962 Tennant Bros Gold Label No.1 Barley Wine Barley Wine 21d nip bottled 0.05 1019.5 1102.2 30 10.34 80.92%
1965 Bass, Burton Red Label No. 1 Barley Wine Barley Wine 1/11.5d nip bottle 0.10 1035.8 1104.1 110 8.90 65.61%
1965 Bass, Burton Gold Label Barley Wine
nip bottle 0.04 1014.2 1064 19 6.50 77.81%
1965 Benskin Colne Spring Ale Barley Wine 25d nip bottled 0.07 1014.2 1090.7 60 10.10 84.34%
1965 Courage, Barclay Barley Wine Barley Wine 20.5d nip bottled 0.07 1028.4 1083.1 65 7.10 65.82%
1965 Ind Coope Arctic Barley Wine Barley Wine 21d nip bottled 0.04 1018.6 1078.6 85 7.84 76.34%
1965 Tennants Gold Label No.1 Barley Wine Barley Wine 22d nip bottled 0.10 1018.8 1100.8 26 10.25 81.35%
1965 Tollemache Tolly Royal Barley Wine Barley Wine 16d nip bottled 0.05 1016 1071.1 120 7.20 77.50%
1965 Watney Stingo Barley Wine Barley Wine 20d nip bottled 0.06 1019.9 1086.4 110 8.71 76.97%
1966 Courage & Barclay Barley Wine Barley Wine 20d nip bottled 0.06 1023.2 1081.1 100 7.55 71.39%
1967 Eldridge Pope & Co. Huntsman Goldie Barley Wine Barley Wine 24d nip bottled 0.06 1016.9 1080.4 23 7.94 78.98%
Sources:
A dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences, Volume 6 by Henry Watts, 1872, page 256
Younger, Wm. & Co Gravity Book
Whitbread Gravity Book

Look at the colours. All dark until Tennant's Gold Label in the 1950's.

Barley Wine was not originally a type of Pale Ale.

That's all I wanted to say.