Sunday, 13 July 2025

UK Beer exports to Africa in 1898

A Barclay Perkins Export Imperial Stout label with the text "Brewed at the brewery. Produce of Great Britain, contents 22/23 fl. oz. or 63/65 cls."
Time for the second part of this series. This time looking at exports to Africa.

Much less beer was exported to Africa than Europe. And it mostly went to just two places: Egypt and South Africa. You may be spotting a trend here. Both locations had a considerable British military presence. I'm starting to wonder now if most British beer exports were being consumed by service personnel.

The only exception to this seems to be foreign East Africa, which is in place number 3. What would that cover? I guess Somalia, German East Africa and Mozambique. None of those sound like places likely to take much British beer. Especially odd, as fuck all beer was going to British East Africa. Far less than to Ascension and St. Helena, two tiny islands. Mauritius is another small island taking quite a lot of beer.

Again, I'm shocked at how little Scottish beer there was. Its share of 15% was double that of exports to Europe. But way below its 25% share of all exports. Where was all that Scottish beer going? Only South Africa was receiving about the average amount.  

UK Beer exports to Africa in 1898
Destination From England. From Scotland. From the U.K.
  Quantity. Declared Value. Quantity. Declared Value. Quantity. Declared Value.
  Barrels £ Barrels £ Barrels £
Egypt 22,305 59,450 1,134 4,544 23,439 63,904
Tripoli and Tunis 28 78 - - 28 78
Algeria 2 8 - - 2 8
Morocco 85 288 - - 85 288
West. Africa, Foreign 181 651 - - 184 651
Western Africa, British 1,702 6,060 - - 1,702 6,060
Ascension & St. Helena 1,395 4,120 - - 1,395 4,120
British Possessions in South Africa 19,959 71,077 6,030 22,383 25,989 93,400
Eastern Africa, Foreign 1,906 8,355 454 2,124 2,360 10,479
Eastern Africa, British 103 506 - - 103 506
Abyssinia - - 18 82 18 82
Madagascar 49 143 - - 40 143
Bourbon 18 62 86 402 104 464
Mauritius 1,639 5,007 881 2,751 2,520 7,758
Total 49,372 155,805 8,603 32,286 57,969 187,941
Source:
The Brewers' Journal vol. 35 1899, June 15th 1899, page 344.
Note:
Year ending 30th September 1898.

 

Saturday, 12 July 2025

Let's Brew - 1885 William Younger No. 1

A William Younger No. 1 Strong Ale label with the slogan "King of Ales" and a drawing of a bearded man in highland dress wearing a crown and holding a sword in one hand and a shield in the other.
Strongest of the numbered Ales was, logically enough, No. 1. Though it wasn’t the strongest beer Younger produced. That honour lay with 160/-.

No. 1 is roughly equivalent to 140/- in terms of strength. And the grist is quite similar. So what was the difference between the two? The hopping rate. 120/- was hopped at 8.5 lbs per quarter (336 lbs) of malt, No. 1 at 12.5 lbs. To me, that’s an indication that No. 1 was intended to be aged longer.

The grist is much like that of No. 2. Base malt and dextro-maltose. Though with only two types of malt. There may have been some caramel added to darken the colour.

Rather more complicated hopping: Kent from the 1884 and 1885 harvests, American from 1884 and 1885, and Californian from 1884. Quite a lot of hops, too. Leaving it with over 100 IBU (calculated).

Long ageing for this big boy. Between 18 and 24 months, is my guess. 

1885 William Younger No. 1
pale malt 21.00 lb 90.32%
No. 2 invert 2.25 lb 9.68%
Cluster 120 min 4.50 oz
Fuggles 60 min 4.50 oz
Fuggles 30 min 4.50 oz
Goldings dry hops 2.00 oz
OG 1108
FG 1035
ABV 9.66
Apparent attenuation 67.59%
IBU 133
SRM 12
Mash at 155º F
Sparge at 163º F
Boil time 120 minutes
pitching temp 56.5º F
Yeast WLP028 Edinburgh Ale

 

Friday, 11 July 2025

Exhibit of Foreign and Colonial Beers (part ten)

Still not finished giving this poor dog a good kicking. Got to get the last bit of fun out of it.

It's interesting that the beers today are listed under Victoria. Which would have been correct a few years earlier. But this is after Confederation and should really be listed as Australia.

The beers are all either Pale Ale or Stout.

Australian samples
Exhibitors Country Samples Style
Shamrock Brewing and Malting Company Australia Pilot B and Bitter Ale Pale Ale
Shamrock Brewing and Malting Company Australia Extra Pale Ale Special Pale Ale
Shamrock Brewing and Malting Company Australia Extra Brown Stout Stout
Shamrock Brewing and Malting Company Australia Extra Malt Stout Stout
Bux Brewing Company, Melbourne Australia Non-Alcoholic Ale Ale
Coghlan and Tulloch, Limited, Ballarat Australia Pale Ale Pale Ale
Coghlan and Tulloch, Limited, Ballarat Australia Bitter Beer Pale Ale
Carlton Brewery, Limited Australia Extra Stout Stout
Carlton Brewery, Limited Australia All Malt Ale Bitter Pale Ale
Carlton Brewery, Limited Australia Carlton Ale Ale
Carlton Brewery, Limited Australia XXX. Pale Ale Pale Ale
G. H. Bennett, Melbourne Australia Non-Intoxicating Ale. Pale Ale
McCracken’s City Brewery, Limited, Melbourne Australia Australian Bitter Ale Pale Ale
McCracken’s City Brewery, Limited, Melbourne Australia A K. Light Ale Pale Ale
McCracken’s City Brewery, Limited, Melbourne Australia Extra Stout, Khaki Brand Stout
Source:
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.


We'll start with the Pale Ales.

Victoria.— Among the brands described as bitter ale, the first place must be given to the “All Malt Ale Bitter” of the Carlton Brewery Company, Limited. It drank clean with a pleasant palate, though a little thin; it had a clean white top. It is awarded three marks. The Australian bitter ale of McCracken’s Brewery, Melbourne, is also awarded three marks. It was of a character which should sell anywhere if in condition and brilliant.

Several brands of ale of a paler type were tasted, and of these the extra pale ale of the Shamrock Brewery and Malting Company was the best. Although it had a green wood flavour, probably due to cask timber, it was a very fair beer, and is awarded three marks. The A.K. light ale of McCracken's Brewery, Melbourne, was of good condition, but has a pronounced green wood flavour. It is awarded two marks. The Carlton ale and the XXXX pale ale, both of the Carlton Brewery, Limited, are each awarded two marks.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

A McCracken's Khaki Extra Stout with a drawing of a man in what looks like a British army uniform a pith helmet standing next to a pyramid of rifles. There's the text "Brewed and bottled by Carlton and United Breweries Melborne Australia" and "Brewed for export".

It's a shame that the classic Carlton beer Vic Bitter wasn't included in the samples. Were they already brewing it in 1902? Odd that the the “All Malt Ale Bitter” drank thin. You'd expect an all-malt beer to be full-bodied. At this point, I think Carlton was 100% top-fermenting. Though it can be difficult yo tell in Australia, as terms like Bitter continued to be used after breweries switched to bottom-fermentation.

What most grabbed my attention was McCracken's AK. It's the first AK I've come across from outside the UK. It demonstrates just how common the term was at one point. I wonder if there any others brewed in Australia?

Among the stouts the extra malt stout of the Shamrock Brewing and Malting Company was of fair quality and in good condition. It is awarded three marks. The extra stout of the Carlton Brewery, Limited, had a somewhat rough taste. It is awarded two marks. The extra stout, Khaki brand, of Messrs. McCracken’s Brewery, Melbourne, had good condition, but lacked character. It is awarded two marks.

The non-intoxicating ale of Mr. G. H. Bennett, Melbourne, was good of its kind, and is awarded three marks. The non-alcoholic ale of the Bax Brewery Company, Melbourne, was devoid of hop flavour and too sweet. It is awarded two marks.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

I drank quite a bit of Carlton's Stout when I lived in Melbourne. Though that was branded Abbotsford. It was OK. Not a patch on Cooper's Stout. Fucking like Westvleteren compared to Carlton Lagers. Which were totally undrinkable.

Interesting that there were a couple of NABLABs anongst the samples.  Not non-alcoholic, as I suspect that the non-intoxicating Ale was simply a low-alcohol beer.
 

Thursday, 10 July 2025

UK Beer exports to Europe in 1898

A McEwans Export India Pale Ale label with a drawing of a cavalier holding a tankard of beer.
As part of my research for my current book, "Free!", I came across some wonderful figures for UK beer exports. Wonderful, in that they are more detailed than usual, listing every single country/territory that beer was exported to. 

There are quite a few surprises. Though the country which took in the most beer from the UK isn't: Belgium. Which has a long tradition of importing British beer.

Numbers 2 and 3 are more unexpected, due to their tiny size: Malta and Gibraltar. I'm guessing the beer was mostly being drunk by military personnel. 
Which I don't think was the case in numbers four and five: the Channel Islands and Germany. I'm guessing that the beer going to the Channel Islands was from the big English brands. Stuff like Bass. Probably the same to Germany, too. Bass got everywhere.

The only other countries taking more than 1,000 barrels a year, were France and Holland. Which have in common, I suppose, being relatively close geographically to the UK.

I would have expected the share of Scotland to be higher than 8%. As they were big exporters. Especially how little went to Belgium, where Scotch Ale was popular. I know the Scottish share to total exports was higher. It mist have been going elsewhere in the world. We'll find out exactly where in a later post.

If you're wondering where Ireland is in these figures, there's a note that says:

Included in the above total for the United Kingdom are the exports from Ireland comprising 22 barrels to Germany and Holland, valued at £47, and 3,202 barrels to the United States, valued at £21/100.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 35 1899, June 15th 1899, page 344. 

UK Beer exports to Europe in 1898
Destination From England. From Scotland. From the U.K.
  Quantity. Declared Value. Quantity. Declared Value. Quantity. Declared Value.
  Barrels £ Barrels £ Barrels £
Russia 876 3,152 3 8 878 3,160
Sweden 84 416 37 96 121 512
Norway 106 311 - - 106 311
Denmark 370 1,204 2 6 372 1,209
Germany 12,970 42,965 112 395 13,098 43,395
Holland 4,513 13,737 16 67 4,535 13,816
Belgium 37,770 116,051 2,188 7,031 39,958 123,085
Channel Islands 17,731 41,706 - - 17,731 41,706
France 7,469 21,991 8 25 7,477 22,016
Portugal, Azores, and Madeira 393 1,272 54 238 417 1,510
Spain and Canaries 770 2,547 189 789 969 3,336
Gibraltar 19,322 56,396 16 57 19,338 56,452
Italy  141 539 1 5 142 544
Malta  25,698 79,823 8,489 24,649 34,187 104,472
Greece  12 59 - - 12 59
Roumania  1 8 - - 1 8
Turkey, European 208 747 - - 209 747
Total 128,434 382,924 11,115 33,366 139,551 416,338
Source:
The Brewers' Journal vol. 35 1899, June 15th 1899, page 344.
Note:
Year ending 30th September 1898.

 

 

Wednesday, 9 July 2025

Let's Brew Wednesday - 1885 William Younger No. 2

A william Younger Holyrood Ale label featuring a drawing of Holyrood Palce and an old man with a long, white beard holding a glass of beer.
A much rarer beast was No. 2. This is the only example I have from the 1885-1886 Abbey Brewery brewing book. I think it was discontinued soon after.

No surprises in the grist. It’s just base malt and dextro-maltose. Not sure if that’s available at all. I’ve substituted No. 2 invert. The dextro-maltose implies that this was a beer intended for ageing.

As usual with Younger, there were quite a few different hops. American from the 1884 and 1885 harvests, along with Kent from 1884 and Württemberg from 1885. 

Getting back to ageing, I reckon a minimum of twelve months. More likely 18 months plus. Which would have lowered the FG considerably. Raising the ABV to nigh on 10%.

1885 William Younger No. 2
pale malt 17.75 lb 89.87%
No. 2 invert 2.00 lb 10.13%
Cluster 120 min 3.00 oz
Hallertau 60 min 4.00 oz
Fuggles 30 min 3.00 oz
Goldings dry hops 1.50 oz
OG 1092
FG 1027
ABV 8.60
Apparent attenuation 70.65%
IBU 108
SRM 11
Mash at 152º F
Sparge at 163º F
Boil time 120 minutes
pitching temp 57º F
Yeast WLP028 Edinburgh Ale

 

 

Tuesday, 8 July 2025

Exhibit of Foreign and Colonial Beers (part nine)

A Molson beer mat with the text "In Bottles Only EXPORT ALE and CREAM PORTER" and "Established 1786".
Just in case you were wondering, these were the jurors:

The jurors consisted of Messrs. J. Grimble Groves, M.P., Salford (chairman, Groves and Whitnall, Limited), Chairman; W. Crockford (head brewer, Charrington and Co., Limited, of Mile End); Robert Hutton (head brewer, Samuel Allsopp and Co., Limited, of Burton-on-Trent); Arthur R. Ling, F.I.C., F.C.S. (consulting chemist, editor of The Journal of the Federated Institutes of Brewing), &c.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

That looks like a pretty distinguished bunch. You've got the head brewers of two pretty renowned brewers, Charrington and Allsopp. Plus Arthur Ling, a distinguished brewing scientist. Grinble Groves is a great name. Almost as good as Cosmo Bonsor.

It's the turn of Canada today.

Canadian samples
Exhibitors Country Samples Style
Alex Keith, Halifax Canada India Pale Ale IPA
J. H. R. Molson and Bros., Montreal Canada XXX Porter Porter
J. H. R. Molson and Bros., Montreal Canada Export Ale Pale Ale
Cosgrave Brewery Company, Toronto Canada Pale Ale Pale Ale
Cosgrave Brewery Company, Toronto Canada XXX Porter Porter
Port Hope Brewing and Malting Company, Ontario Canada Fine Ale (Blue Star) Pale Ale
Eaton Bros., Limited, Owen Sound Canada XXX Stout (Dublin) Stout
Eaton Bros., Limited, Owen Sound Canada Golden Ale Pale Ale
Halifax Breweries, Limited Canada Extra Stout  Stout
Halifax Breweries, Limited Canada Ale Pale Ale
Copland Brewing Company, Toronto Canada Extra Stout Stout
Copland Brewing Company, Toronto Canada India Ale IPA
Simeon Jones, Limited, New Brunswick Canada India Pale Ale IPA
Radnor Water Company, Montreal, Quebec Canada Radnor Mineral Water Water
Source:
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.


Porter/Stout and Pale Ale/IPA. So, much like India. No-one was brewing Mild Ale. Sadly.

Canada.— Among the first group of ales (top fermentation) the best sample shown from Canada was the India ale (pale) of the Copland Brewery Company, Toronto. It was in good condition, and bright. It is awarded three marks. Second on the list must be placed the export ale of Messrs. J. H. R. Molson, Brothers, Montreal. It is awarded two marks. It was a very fair beer.

Among the second group, the ale of Messrs. Howard and Co., Halifax, was bright though flat, and had a rough flavour. It is awarded two marks. The "pale ale ” of the Cosgrave Brewery Company, Toronto, had also a rough flavour and was not bright. It is awarded two marks. The "fine ale” (Blue Star) of the Port Hope Brewing and Malting Company, Ontario, was slightly acid. It is awarded one mark.

The best Canadian stout shown was the extra stout of Messrs. Howard, Halifax; it was of good general quality, excellent condition, and carried a satisfactory head. It is awarded three marks. The XXX stout (Dublin) of Messrs. Eaton Brothers, Limited, Owen Sound, might be described as very fair. It is awarded two marks.

Of two brands of porter the XXX porter of the Cosgrave Brewery Company, Toronto, was the better. It was slightly acid, but of good character. It is awarded three marks. The XXX porter of Messrs. J. H. R. Molson and Brothers, Montreal, was satisfactory as regards condition, but drank thin. It is awarded two marks.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

I think the jury was trying to be polite. The Canadian beers sound, er, a bit rough. And many of them sound like they have obvious faults. I'm surprised at the marks given to some.
 

Monday, 7 July 2025

Exhibit of Foreign and Colonial Beers (part eight)

A Pyramids Brewery Stella Lager Beer Export label with a red five-pointed star and the text "Brewed and bottled in Egypt".

I'm still having a good chew of this article. And will spit out the odd post, to the disgust of everyone, doubtless.

I'm particularly interested in the beers from India. As it gives some indication of the local competition British brewers faced in the Indian market.

Indian samples
Exhibitors Country Samples Style
E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow India Pale Ale No. 1 Pale Ale
E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow India Pale Ale No. 2 Pale Ale
E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow India Pale Ale No. 3 Pale Ale
E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow India XX. Stout No. 1 Stout
E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow India XX. Stout No. 2 Stout
E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow India XX. Stout No. 3 Stout
E. Dyer and Co., Solan  India India Pale Ale. IPA
E. Dyer and Co., Solan  India Stout Stout
Meakin and Co, Kasanli  India XXX Stout Stout
Meakin and Co, Kasanli  India Pale Ale Pale Ale
Source:
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

In the traidition of the random use of the term IPA, two of the Indian brewers simply called their beers Pale Ales. Despite having an excellent claim to the prefix India. While the other did plump for IPA. Note that there are as many examples of Stout as Pale Ale.

India.— Among the samples of ale (top fermentation) the India pale ale of Messrs. E. Dyer and Co., Solan, was decidedly the best. It was a brilliant full-drinking beer, and is awarded three marks. Next in order of merit, though decidedly inferior to the last brand, should be mentioned the pale ale No. 3, of Messrs. E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow. It is awarded two marks.

The XX stout, No. 3, of Messrs. E. Dyer and Co., Lucknow, is awarded three marks as the best brand exhibited from India, while the XXX stout of Messrs. Meaking and Co., Kasanli, is also given three marks; the sample tested was not quite so good as that of the first-mentioned brand.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

I would have guessed that the numbered beers from Dyer of Lucknow were in descending order of strength, in the manner of Bass. But with the No. 3 of both the Pale Ales and Stouts scoring well, I suspect that it's the other way around. With No. 3 the strongest.

It seems that they were quite good at making Stout in India. With two of the three top scores going to Stouts.

We now switch continents to Africa.

Egyptian samples
Exhibitors Country Samples Style
Brasserie des Pyramides Egypt Pilsen (non-Pasteurised) Pils
Brasserie des Pyramides Egypt Pilsen (Pasteurised) Pils
Brasserie des Pyramides Egypt Munich (non-Pasteurised) Münchener
Brasserie des Pyramides Egypt Munich (Pasteurised) Münchener
Source:
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

Egypt— These samples arrived too late for the Exhibition. The non-Pasteurised Pilsen of the Brasserie des Pyramides was a very fair beer in good condition. It is awarded three marks. The Pasteurised beer of the same brand is awarded two marks. The flavour was injured by the Pasteurising. Two samples of Munich beer (Pasteurised and non-Pasteurised) from the same brewery were also tested. The Pasteurised beer is awarded two marks. It was a fair beer, brilliant, and in good condition, but rather sweet. The sample of non-Pasteurised beer of the same brand was not so good.
The Brewers' Journal vol. 38 1902, November 15th 1902, page 672 - 674.

Can you imagine what a nightmare it must have been to coordinate the arrival of all these samples from around the world? The Japanese and Australian beers would have been months in transit. I assume that it was partly arranged by telegram. Probably a bit too early for it to be all by telephone. How we take instant communication for granted now.

Interesting that the unpasteurised Pils was good, while the unpasteurised Munich was crap. Was it a difference in the age of the samples, perhaps? Or maybe their bottling was a bit hit and miss.


 

Sunday, 6 July 2025

William Younger beers in 1884 and 1885

An aerial view of Younger's Abbey Brewery in the 1890s, showing the houses aroun it on the bottom end of the Royal Mile.
Younger's Abbey Brewery in the 1890s.

I've spent a good bit of the last two weeks extracting information from William Younger's brewing records. Records that I'd been too lazy to go through properly. Until now. Information that I need for "Free!", the book I'm currently working on.

Going through the records for both the Abbey and Holyrood breweries, it became clear how different the beers they brewed were. Holyrood stuck to mostly Pale Ales, along with occasional brews of Strong Ales. And a few brews of Pils. The Abbey Brewery, while it mostly brewed Shilling Ales, Stout and Mild Ales, made pretty much every beer in their range. Other than Pils.

At Holyrood, XP was far and away the most-brewed beer, accounting for well over half of the brews. With most of the rest being XXP.

At Abbey, things were far more diverse, with no one beer dominating. The most frquently brewed were X, 50/-, 60/- and the Stouts S1 and S2. Note the huge range of gravities brewed, from 1031º to 1115º. Few English breweries could have matched that. Nor the 24 different beers brewed at Abbey.

Interested in learning more about these beers? I can stretch out the material to several more posts, if I can be bothered.

William Younger (Holyrood) beers in 1884
Beer Style OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl dry hops (oz / barrel)
S XP IPA 1055 1014 5.42 74.55% 10.33 2.46 9.90
XP IPA 1056 1015 5.42 73.21% 8.08 2.76 8.84
XXP IPA 1062 1015 6.22 75.81% 9.31 3.46 9.44
XXX Mild 1063 1021 5.56 66.67% 5.45 1.25 4.54
XXXX Mild 1080 1025 7.28 68.75% 9.07 3.24 11.28
XXXX / 3 Mild 1101 1022 10.45 78.22% 8.38 4.37 17.80
Ext Pale Ale 1061 1014 6.22 77.05% 15.71 4.35 14.92
S Ext Pale Ale 1068 1021 6.22 69.12% 15.71 4.68 14.98
PX Pils 1054 1020 4.50 62.96% 5.82 1.14 0.00
1 Strong Ale 1100 1038 8.20 62.00% 11.08 5.54 14.70
3 Strong Ale 1077 1027 6.61 64.94% 8.57 2.87 9.39
Source:
William Younger brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number WY/6/1/3/11.

 

William Younger (Abbey) beers in 1885
Beer Style OG FG ABV App. Atten-uation lbs hops/ qtr hops lb/brl dry hops (oz / barrel)
T Table Beer 1031 1008 3.04 74.19% 6.36 0.78 3.95
50/- Ale 1037 1011 3.44 70.27% 5.45 0.85 3.69
S 50/- Ale 1042 1018 3.18 57.14% 3.85 0.45 0.00
B 50/- Ale 1044 1016 3.70 63.64% 3.85 0.85 3.61
H 60/- Ale 1041 1014 3.57 65.85% 6.43 1.14 5.67
60/- Ale 1052 1023 3.84 55.77% 5.00 1.06 0.00
80/- Ale 1063 1025 5.03 60.32% 5.24 1.39 0.00
100/- Ale 1075 1036 5.16 52.00% 8.00 1.85 0.00
120/- Ale 1087 1034 7.01 60.92% 6.23 2.67 0.00
140/- Ale 1101 1043 7.67 57.43% 8.44 4.61 0.00
160/- Ale 1115 1050 8.60 56.52% 8.44 5.25 0.00
X Mild 1048 1012 4.76 75.00% 5.29 1.11 3.36
XX Mild 1056 1016 5.29 71.43% 6.19 1.48 3.82
XXX Mild 1071 1024 6.22 66.20% 7.69 2.45 4.71
XXXX Stock Ale 1079 1020 7.81 74.68% 7.42 2.97 9.91
P Pale Ale 1047 1009 5.03 80.85% 8.82 1.73 3.14
XP IPA 1054 1013 5.42 75.93% 11.50 2.84 9.28
XP Scotch Pale Ale 1055 1016 5.16 70.91% 11.00 2.72 9.48
DBS Stout 1073 1025 6.35 65.75% 15.86 5.51 11.50
S1 Stout 1074 1034 5.29 54.05% 1.43 0.45 0.00
S2 Stout 1065 1028 4.89 56.92% 1.60 0.39 0.00
1 Strong Ale 1106 1035 9.39 66.98% 12.05 6.39 15.04
2 Strong Ale 1091 1030 8.07 67.03% 9.76 4.80 11.42
3 Strong Ale 1081 1029 6.88 64.20% 9.12 3.46 9.12
3 pale Strong Ale 1077 1024 7.01 68.83% 9.33 3.37 9.25
Source:
William Younger brewing record held at the Scottish Brewing Archive, document number WY/6/1/2/31.