The minutes of the CBK (the Dutch brewers' association) committee meetings are full of mentions of German beer. Which they saw as a competitor and a threat. How on earth German brewers were going to be able to produce enough beer to supply Holland doesn't seem to have occurred to them.
Dutch brewers had two main concerns:
1. that German beer might be stronger than was allowed for Dutch-produced beer:;
2. that German beer might be taxed at a lower rate.
Reasonable concerns in peacetime, but all rather irrelevant during the middle of a war.
Both are addressed here:
"XIII. IMPORT BEER; DUTY ON BEER.
Mr Stikker announces that the German authorities have promised during the above-mentioned discussion that the German beer, which from 15th January this year has been imported into the Netherlands will not have a higher gravity than 10.3%. The import of German beer will be in the same proportion to beer imports in 1939 as future Dutch beer output stands to output in 1939. This agreement has not yet been definitively confirmed.
It has also been discussed that the price of the German imported beer would be equal to the Dutch beer. (This is important now that the specific import duty on German beer has been reduced from NLG 7.50 to NLG 12.- per H.L.). No commitments could be made with regard to Pilsener Urquell, because it is not yet part of the Ausfuhrgemeinschaft.
The German side suggested that the Dutch brewing industry be relieved of the burden of supplying beer to the German canteens, which would then receive draught beer instead of bottled beer. This proposal has been accepted with the proviso that these deliveries will then be made via the German stage service, so that it will not enter the free trade via the importers."
Minutes of the management of the CBK on 21st January 1941, held at the Amsterdam City Archives, document number 31121-1, page 267.
You can see that there aim was to have limited quantities of German beer imported which was no stronger than local beer and with the same tax burden.
The last paragraph shows the extent of Dutch brewers' paranoia. If the Germans were going to supply their own troops they'd have to do it directly, for fear of some leaking into the normal Dutch market.
Though it did seem that the CBK wanted to distribute this German beer themselves:
"Negotiations are currently underway with the German authorities as to whether it will be possible for the C.B.K. to make a distribution service available via the breweries for the distribution of, for example, 100,000 H.L. German beer for the German stage, canteens, hospitals, etc."
Minutes of the management of the CBK on 5th March 1941, held at the Amsterdamse Stadsarchief, document number 31121-1, page 246.
Loads more on this fascinating topic to come.
I guess the Netherlands wasn't at war at this time.
ReplyDelete@StuartP: No, they were occupied by the Germans since May 1940.
ReplyDeleteI would bet in early 1941 there was a lot of paranoia in a lot of industries how much control the Germans would have over distribution networks. I think quotas and rules only go so far when it comes to control, and the real threat to independence was when there were Germans well embedded in a system on a day to day basis.
ReplyDeleteRemember that the Germans did not go into their own total war footing until 1942 or 1943. I believe their original view was that they would clean up and win very quickly. I don't think their hubris came to roost until quite late in the war. Even after the attack on the USSR on 1941, they were positive. So I suspect that in the first 2 years or so, they were probably thinking how to exploit their military gains rather than worrying about rationing. After all, the Germans were living it up with the gains from Blitzkrieg for a good while too.
ReplyDeleteSteve
I also forgot to add that perhaps the Dutch were impressed at the speed of the German advance and just decided to read the writing on the wall. The tide did not really turn until after 1941 and in any case, they were living under German propaganda.
ReplyDeleteSteve