On with the beers. There was one pretty obvious change in this period: the names changed from KXX and KXXX to KK and KKK. I can understand why. One less character to write on the barrel. The beers themselves didn't really change.
There's a slight downwards trend in gravity. The 1850's KXX averaged 1082.4, the equivalent beer in this set 1078.1. For KXXX, the fall was much smaller: from 1087.8 to 1087.5. Which means the gap in OG between KK and KKK has widened. Whereas the rate of attenuation has remained pretty much the same: about 65% for KXX/KK and 67% for KXXX/KKK.
Boil times, pitching temperature, max fermentation temperature and length of fermentation are also pretty much the same as in the 1850's. This is all sounding a little dull, isn't it? Don't worry. There is one are of relatively large change. That's what's coming next.
The hopping. Only three examples from the 1860's set had all English hops, while half the 1850's set did. The sources of foreign remains similar, principally America, Belgium and Bavaria, though this time with Austria and Brunswick thrown in. This was the period when large quantities of foreign hops started to flow into Britain. Partly due to the removal of import duty, but also because the British growers couldn't produce enough to meet demand.
| Hop production and imports (cwt) | ||||||||
| year | Acreage | UK production | yield per acre | Average price of English hops | net imports of foreign hops | exports of British hops | ||
| £ | s | d | ||||||
| 1857 | 50,974 | 426,049 | 8.35 | 4 | 2 | 8 | 18,711 | |
| 1860 | 46,271 | 99,667 | 2.15 | 17 | 5 | 0 | 68,918 | |
| 1870 | 60,594 | 700,000 | 11.55 | 3 | 7 | 8 | 127,853 | 3,365 |
| 1880 | 66,698 | 440,000 | 6.60 | 4 | 6 | 0 | 195,987 | 7,218 |
| 1890 | 53,961 | 283,629 | 5.26 | 10 | 9 | 4 | 181,698 | 6,164 |
| Source: | ||||||||
| 1928 Brewers' Almanack, page 119 | ||||||||
It wasn't just the source of hops which had changed. The hopping rate had, too. Up from an average of 14.96 lbs per quarter in the 1850's to an average of 15.96 lbs in the 1860's (that's for both KXX/KK and KXXX/KKK), For the individual beers, the hopping rate per barrel of KXX/KK rose from an average of 5.93 lbs to 6.39 lbs and KXXX/KKK from 6.59 lbs to 6.79 lbs.
No point in saying much about the grists as they remained 100% pale malt.
Now to compare X and K Ales. I think another table might be useful. These are averages extracted from the tables at the end:
| Beer | OG | App. Atten-uation | lbs hops/ qtr | hops lb/brl |
| KK | 1078.1 | 64.76% | 15.98 | 6.39 |
| KKK | 1087.5 | 67.01% | 15.91 | 6.79 |
| XX | 1081.6 | 63.79% | 10.55 | 3.89 |
| XXX | 1091.6 | 60.42% | 9.11 | 4.25 |
You cans see that the hopping rate of the K ales was about 50% higher, both per quarter and per barrel. Oddly, the average OG of the K Ales was a little lower than the X Ales. While KKK had a significantly higher degree of attenuation than XXX.
Nothing left but to show you the full tables:
First K Ales:
| Whitbread K Ales in the 1860's | ||||||||||||||
| Date | Year | Beer | OG | FG | ABV | App. Atten-uation | lbs hops/ qtr | hops lb/brl | boil time (hours) | boil time (hours) | Pitch temp | max. fermen-tation temp | length of fermen-tation (days) | comments |
| 2nd Apr | 1860 | KXX | 1077.6 | 1028.8 | 6.45 | 62.86% | 17.04 | 7.57 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | 71º | 2 + 4 | English hops. |
| 7th May | 1861 | KXX | 1075.9 | 1028.8 | 6.23 | 62.04% | 16.96 | 6.75 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 8 | Austrian, Brunswick and English hops. |
| 10th Jan | 1862 | KXX | 1077.6 | 1028.3 | 6.52 | 63.57% | 16.99 | 6.97 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 7 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 21st Oct | 1862 | KXX | 1080.9 | 1029.4 | 6.82 | 63.70% | 16.91 | 6.94 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | 74º | 5 | American and English hops. |
| 9th Nov | 1863 | KXX | 1078.9 | 1027.1 | 6.85 | 65.61% | 16.96 | 6.46 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 21st Nov | 1864 | KK | 1084.2 | 1026.3 | 7.66 | 68.75% | 15.08 | 6.28 | 60º | º | 5 | American and English hops | ||
| 29th Nov | 1865 | KK | 1082.3 | 1024.7 | 7.62 | 70.03% | 16.86 | 6.36 | 60º | º | 6 | American and English hops | ||
| 19th Nov | 1866 | KK | 1070.6 | 1029.1 | 5.50 | 58.82% | 13.90 | 5.18 | 58º | º | 5 | English hops | ||
| 22nd Oct | 1867 | KK | 1077.6 | 1027.1 | 6.67 | 65.00% | 14.39 | 6.01 | 58º | º | 8 | Bavarian and English hops | ||
| 18th Nov | 1868 | KK | 1075.1 | 1024.7 | 6.67 | 67.16% | 14.73 | 5.37 | 58º | º | 6 | American and English hops | ||
| 16th May | 1861 | KXXX | 1085.9 | 1031.6 | 7.18 | 63.23% | 16.38 | 7.44 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 6 | American, Brunswick and English hops. |
| 9th Jan | 1862 | KXXX | 1089.5 | 1033.2 | 7.44 | 62.85% | 16.23 | 7.16 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | Bavarian, American and English hops. |
| 17th Nov | 1863 | KXXX | 1089.2 | 1027.7 | 8.14 | 68.94% | 15.99 | 7.05 | 1.5 | 60º | º | 5 | Bavarian, American and English hops. | |
| 23rd Feb | 1864 | KXXX | 1089.2 | 1031.9 | 7.59 | 64.29% | 16.10 | 6.59 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | 75.5º | Bavarian, American and English hops. | |
| 26th Jan | 1865 | KKK | 1088.6 | 1022.2 | 8.79 | 75.00% | 16.21 | 6.63 | 60º | 76º | 3 + 3 | English hops | ||
| 14th Oct | 1867 | KKK | 1082.5 | 1026.6 | 7.40 | 67.79% | 14.55 | 5.87 | 58º | º | 6 | Bavarian and English hops | ||
| Sources: | ||||||||||||||
| Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/024, LMA/4453/D/01/025, LMA/4453/D/01/026, LMA/4453/D/01/027, LMA/4453/D/01/028, LMA/4453/D/01/029, LMA/4453/D/01/030 , LMA/4453/D/01/031, LMA/4453/D/01/033 and LMA/4453/D/01/034. | ||||||||||||||
Then X Ales:
| Whitbread X Ales in the 1860's | ||||||||||||||
| Date | Year | Beer | OG | FG | ABV | App. Atten-uation | lbs hops/ qtr | hops lb/brl | boil time (hours) | boil time (hours) | Pitch temp | max. fermen-tation temp | length of fermen-tation (days) | comments |
| 7th Apr | 1860 | X | 1065.6 | 1024.9 | 5.39 | 62.03% | 8.93 | 3.07 | 1.5 | 2 | 64º | º | 6 | English hops. |
| 9th Sep | 1861 | X | 1067.6 | 1023.5 | 5.83 | 65.16% | 9.64 | 3.20 | 1.33 | 2 | 64º | 75º | 3 + 2 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 18th Sep | 1862 | X | 1067.6 | 1020.8 | 6.19 | 69.26% | 9.43 | 3.09 | 1.5 | 2 | 64º | 74.5º | 2 + 3 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 25th Aug | 1863 | X | 1064.0 | 1021.1 | 5.68 | 67.10% | 10.47 | 3.49 | 1.5 | 2 | 64º | 74º | 3 + 2 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 19th Oct | 1863 | X | 1065.6 | 1021.1 | 5.90 | 67.93% | 8.38 | 2.75 | 1.5 | 2 | 64º | º | Bavarian and English hops. | |
| 11th Aug | 1863 | X | 1065.9 | 1021.6 | 5.86 | 67.23% | 10.32 | 3.44 | 1.5 | 2 | 64º | º | 5 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 21st Jul | 1864 | X | 1066.5 | 1019.4 | 6.23 | 70.83% | 10.14 | 3.32 | 64º | º | 6 | Bavarian, English and Belgian hops | ||
| 19th Oct | 1865 | X | 1067.0 | 1019.4 | 6.30 | 71.07% | 9.46 | 2.67 | 64º | 74º | 3 + 4 | English hops | ||
| 7th Jul | 1865 | X | 1067.6 | 1022.7 | 5.94 | 66.39% | 9.94 | 3.35 | 64º | 74º | 3 + 2 | English hops | ||
| 17th Aug | 1866 | X | 1070.4 | 1027.1 | 5.72 | 61.42% | 9.43 | 3.36 | 60º | º | 6 | English hops | ||
| 16th May | 1867 | X | 1067.9 | 1019.9 | 6.34 | 70.61% | 5.47 | 1.79 | 64º | 74º | 3 + 4 | English hops | ||
| 6th Feb | 1868 | X | 1061.8 | 1015.8 | 6.08 | 74.44% | 5.35 | 1.49 | 64º | º | 7 | Belgian and Brunswick hops | ||
| 31st Jul | 1869 | X | 1054.3 | 1016.1 | 5.06 | 70.41% | 9.67 | 2.50 | ? | 2 | 64º | º | 6 | Bavarian, Belgian and English hops. |
| 22nd May | 1861 | XL | 1072.0 | 1027.7 | 5.86 | 61.54% | 8.92 | 3.07 | 1.5 | 2 | 64º | 72.5º | 3 + 3 | English hops. |
| 26th Jul | 1861 | XL | 1073.1 | 1027.7 | 6.01 | 62.12% | 9.55 | 3.33 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | Brunswick and English hops. |
| 20th Oct | 1862 | XL | 1074.5 | 1027.1 | 6.27 | 63.57% | 8.75 | 3.09 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | 74º | 4 + 1 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 8th Aug | 1863 | XL | 1069.5 | 1022.2 | 6.27 | 68.13% | 10.47 | 3.88 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 6th Aug | 1864 | XL | 1076.7 | 1026.0 | 6.71 | 66.06% | 10.24 | 3.92 | 60º | 74º | 3 + 3 | American, English and Bavarian hops | ||
| 14th Jul | 1865 | XL | 1074.2 | 1027.4 | 6.19 | 63.06% | 10.42 | 3.68 | 60º | º | 5 | English hops | ||
| 1st Sep | 1866 | XL | 1072.6 | 1025.8 | 6.19 | 64.50% | 9.37 | 3.47 | 60º | 71.5º | 3 + 3 | English hops | ||
| 16th May | 1867 | XL | 1071.2 | 1026.0 | 5.97 | 63.42% | 9.01 | 3.05 | 60º | 74º | 3 + 3 | English hops | ||
| 25th Aug | 1868 | XL | 1070.4 | 1020.8 | 6.56 | 70.47% | 9.61 | 3.08 | 60º | º | 5 | Belgian, English and Bavarian hops | ||
| 6th Aug | 1869 | XL | 1062.0 | 1018.3 | 5.79 | 70.54% | 10.01 | 4.14 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | American, Belgian and English hops. |
| 7th May | 1860 | XX | 1081.4 | 1029.9 | 6.82 | 63.27% | 10.01 | 4.39 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | English hops. |
| 14th May | 1861 | XX | 1077.0 | 1032.1 | 5.94 | 58.27% | 8.45 | 3.52 | 1.5 | 60º | º | 6 | English hops. | |
| 20th Oct | 1862 | XX | 1081.7 | 1029.9 | 6.85 | 63.39% | 8.75 | 3.38 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | 73.5º | 4 + 1 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 26th Oct | 1863 | XX | 1084.5 | 7.75 | 3.24 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | Bavarian and English hops. | |||
| 19th Aug | 1864 | XX | 1084.2 | 1028.8 | 7.33 | 65.79% | 10.19 | 3.92 | 60º | 74º | 3 + 3 | American, English and Bavarian hops | ||
| 1st Sep | 1866 | XX | 1083.9 | 1032.7 | 6.78 | 61.06% | 9.37 | 4.02 | 60º | 73º | 3 + 3 | English hops | ||
| 3rd Jun | 1867 | XX | 1082.3 | 1031.3 | 6.74 | 61.95% | 9.09 | 3.21 | 60º | 74º | 3 + 1 | English hops | ||
| 25th Aug | 1868 | XX | 1080.9 | 1027.1 | 7.11 | 66.44% | 9.61 | 3.54 | 60º | º | 4 | Belgian, English and Bavarian hops | ||
| 27th Oct | 1869 | XX | 1078.7 | 1028.5 | 6.63 | 63.73% | 14.47 | 5.81 | 1.5 | 2 | 58º | º | 6 | American, Bavarian and English hops. |
| 7th Apr | 1860 | XXX | 1092.8 | 1038.5 | 7.18 | 58.51% | 8.93 | 4.34 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 6 | English hops. |
| 14th May | 1860 | XXX | 1093.6 | 1038.2 | 7.33 | 59.17% | 9.90 | 4.95 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 6 | English hops. |
| 9th Sep | 1861 | XXX | 1089.5 | 1036.6 | 7.00 | 59.13% | 9.64 | 4.24 | 1.33 | 2 | 60º | 72º | 3 + 2 | Bavarian and English hops. |
| 2nd Nov | 1863 | XXX | 1090.9 | 8.04 | 3.78 | 1.5 | 2 | 60º | º | 5 | Bavarian and English hops. | |||
| 2nd Nov | 1864 | XXX | 1091.4 | 1032.1 | 7.84 | 64.85% | 9.03 | 3.96 | 60º | º | 5 | American and English hops | ||
| Sources: | ||||||||||||||
| Whitbread brewing records held at the London Metropolitan Archives, document numbers LMA/4453/D/01/024, LMA/4453/D/01/025, LMA/4453/D/01/026, LMA/4453/D/01/027, LMA/4453/D/01/028, LMA/4453/D/01/029, LMA/4453/D/01/030 , LMA/4453/D/01/031, LMA/4453/D/01/032, LMA/4453/D/01/033, LMA/4453/D/01/034 and LMA/4453/D/01/035. | ||||||||||||||
Where next? 1870's, perhaps.
No comments:
Post a Comment